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Many marketers use the self-concept premise that people's possessions contribute to and reflect their identities-that is, "we are what we consume." According to this premise, consumers ________.


A) buy products to support their self-images
B) rarely identify with brand personalities
C) are affected by opinion leaders
D) compare product brands
E) conduct primary research

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Explain why selective attention is not controllable by a marketer.

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A marketer cannot guarantee that a consu...

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Each culture contains smaller ________, or groups of people with shared value systems based on common life experiences and situations.


A) cultural universals
B) reference groups
C) subcultures
D) monocultures
E) social networks

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An invitation to go skiing over the weekend forced Donna to look at her current wardrobe. She realized that she required a warmer coat. Which of the following stages of the buyer decision process does Donna exemplify?


A) product evaluation
B) situational analysis
C) need recognition
D) problem screening
E) information search

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Generation Xers, who were born between 1965 and 1976, share the childhood experiences of higher parental divorce rates, recession, and corporate downsizing. They tend to care about the environment and value experience over acquisition. Generation Xers make up a ________.


A) subculture
B) social class
C) social network
D) life-cycle stage
E) lifestyle

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Cultural factors exert a broad and deep influence on consumer behavior. The marketer needs to understand the role played by the buyer's culture, subculture, and social class. Distinguish between culture, subculture, and social class.

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Culture is the most basic cause of a per...

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Explain how selective retention affects what consumers remember about marketing messages.

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Due to selective retention, co...

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Marketing stimuli consist of the four Ps. Which of the following is NOT one of these?


A) product
B) packaging
C) price
D) promotion
E) place

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________ is the most basic determinant of a person's wants and behavior.


A) Culture
B) Brand personality
C) Cognitive dissonance
D) Caste
E) Selective perception

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Robert has taken up cycling as a hobby and as a way to maintain his physical fitness. He wants to buy a hydration system since he will need a lot of water as he cycles. Having gathered a great deal of information, he has finally narrowed down his choices to three systems: Waterbags for Roadies, Supertanker Hydropacks, and Fast Water. Robert is in the ________ stage of the buyer decision process.


A) need recognition
B) evaluation of alternatives
C) product trial
D) postpurchase evaluation
E) information search

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________ refers to qualitative research designed to probe consumers' hidden, subconscious motivations.


A) Perception analysis
B) Subliminal analysis
C) Motivation research
D) Need recognition
E) Market segmentation

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In the United States, the lines between social classes are not fixed and rigid, but people can only drop to a lower social class and not move up into a higher one.

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Explain how selective distortion is somewhat controllable by a marketer.

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Selective distortion describes the tende...

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Which consumer group tends to show more brand loyalty and make shopping a family event, with children having a big say in the purchase decision?


A) Hispanic Americans
B) African Americans
C) Arabs
D) working class consumers
E) lower class consumers

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Juana looked at the September issue of her favorite fashion magazine and did not find anything particularly interesting despite the fact that the magazine had several advertisements that were targeted at Juana's demographic. The only thing that interested her was an article about an upcoming fashion show. Which consumer behavior is being illustrated in this instance?


A) subliminal advertising
B) groupthink
C) selective attention
D) social loafing
E) consumer ethnocentrism

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Which of the following would a marketer LEAST likely do to encourage habitual buying behavior?


A) dominate shelf space
B) run frequent reminder ads
C) keep shelves fully stocked
D) stress unique features in ads
E) offer lower prices and coupons

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Refer to the scenario below to answer the following questions. The Attic Trunk opened in 1979 as an upscale dress shop in Forest Ridge's fashionable shopping district, catering to a wealthy, mature clientele consisting mostly of older, first-generation Hispanics. Many other specialty shops lined the main avenue over the next few years. But as Forest Ridge began to attract a more price-conscious, younger, and more demographically diverse population, the once-popular shopping district was increasingly perceived as stodgy and snobby by the new segment of customers. By the late 1980s, many of these specialty shops suffered financially. Most shops attracted only tourists who enjoyed browsing through the displays of alligator belts and shoes, piles of scented soaps, and so on, often laughing at the ridiculously high prices. Owners of The Attic Trunk had noticed the shifts in buying behavior of customers by the late 1980s. In fact, the owners had observed that the once-fashionable shopping district in Forest Ridge no longer attracted the wealthy, mature clientele. This clientele had been replaced with price-conscious families with children, a mix of Asian and African Americans as well as Caucasians. Specialty items at The Attic Trunk gradually disappeared, replaced by brand-name apparel, colognes, and jewelry. Other owners followed suit in the early 1990s, bringing restaurants, an outdoor cafe, and a day spa to the main avenue in Forest Ridge. -Which of the following would each consumer segment attracted to The Attic Trunk have in common with the other consumer segments?


A) habitual buying behaviors
B) self-concepts
C) AIO dimensions
D) life-cycle stages
E) aspirational groups

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The latest trend in the United States involves rediscovering the benefits of home-cooked food and the use of organic ingredients. People are choosing to spend hours in the kitchen using only the freshest ingredients to cook healthy and nutritious meals. This change in ________ is one of the reasons for the increasing demand for organic ingredients.


A) self-concept
B) subculture
C) lifestyle
D) personality
E) life-cycle

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Which of the following is NOT part of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?


A) physiological needs
B) safety needs
C) spiritual needs
D) esteem needs
E) social needs

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The buyer decision process consists of five stages. Which of the following is NOT one of these stages?


A) need recognition
B) information search
C) conspicuous consumption
D) purchase decision
E) postpurchase behavior

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