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Which of the following is a cost-based approach to pricing?


A) value-based pricing
B) high-low pricing
C) target return pricing
D) good value pricing
E) EDLP

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Costs that change with the level of production are referred to as ________.


A) fixed costs
B) variable costs
C) target costs
D) total costs
E) overhead costs

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What are the different internal factors that affect a firm's pricing decisions?

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Beyond customer value perceptions, costs...

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Under ________, the market consists of many buyers and sellers who trade over a range of prices rather than a single market price.


A) pure competition
B) monopolistic competition
C) oligopolistic competition
D) a pure monopoly
E) the dominant firm model

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Briefly discuss monopolistic competition.

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Under monopolistic competition, the mark...

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Which of the following involves setting prices based on a rival firm's strategies, costs, prices, and market offerings?


A) target return pricing
B) good-value pricing
C) competitor value-added pricing
D) market-based pricing
E) competition-based pricing

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Cost-based pricing is often product driven.

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Which of the following is true of a pure competitive market?


A) A single seller has a major effect on the current and future market price.
B) Companies spend significantly on marketing research and product development.
C) The advertising budget of companies is usually huge.
D) Sellers try to develop differentiated offers for different customer segments.
E) Sellers spend little time on marketing strategy.

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Elmo Inc., a global conglomerate, designed the ElBrush, an electric toothbrush. Sensing market demand for the electric toothbrush, Elmo started with an ideal selling price of $13 based on customer value considerations and then targeted costs to ensure that the price was met. This exemplifies ________.


A) competition-based pricing
B) cost-plus pricing
C) target costing
D) everyday low pricing
E) high-low pricing

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Under oligopolistic competition ________.


A) the market consists of a single dominant seller
B) the market consists of numerous small sellers
C) the market consists of many buyers and sellers who trade over a range of prices rather than a single market price
D) sellers are typically unresponsive to competitors' pricing strategies and marketing moves
E) the market consists of only a few large sellers

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Briefly describe the process of value-based pricing.

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The company first assesses customer need...

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Overhead costs ________ as the number of units produced increases.


A) decrease
B) increase steadily
C) fluctuate
D) remain the same
E) increase rapidly

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Price setting is usually determined by ________ in large companies.


A) top managers
B) external stakeholders
C) product managers
D) non-executive employees
E) the sales department

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Customer perceptions of the product's value set the floor for prices.

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When performing a break-even analysis, the manufacturer should consider all of the following EXCEPT ________.


A) probable demand
B) likely profits
C) competitors' pricing
D) estimated break-even volumes
E) different prices

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Internal factors affecting pricing include the company's overall marketing strategy, objectives, and marketing mix.

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A company faces fixed costs of $100,000 and variable costs of $8 per unit. It plans to directly sell its product in the market for $12. How many units must it produce and sell to break even?


A) 20,000
B) 25,000
C) 30,000
D) 35,000
E) 40,000

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Ways companies have avoided relying on price cuts in the new value-conscious era include all of the following EXCEPT ________.


A) by adding more affordable product lines for the cost-conscious consumer
B) by redefining the "value" in their value propositions
C) by adding premium product lines for the higher end consumer
D) by offering deep discounts
E) by creating price tiers

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Markup pricing is used when a firm tries to determine the price at which it will break even or make the target return it is seeking.

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What sets the ceiling for product prices?


A) product manufacturing costs
B) sellers' perceptions of the product's value
C) customer perceptions of the product's value
D) variable costs
E) break-even volume

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