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Exam 2: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

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Question 161

Multiple Choice

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A questioning attitude regarding psychologists' assumptions and hidden values best illustrates

A) common sense.
B) critical thinking.
C) hindsight bias.
D) overconfidence.

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Question 162

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Research participants drank either caffeinated or decaffeinated beverages in a study of the effects of caffeine on anxiety levels.Those who received the caffeinated drinks were assigned to the ________ group.

A) survey
B) experimental
C) correlational
D) control

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Question 163

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Which of the following correlations between annual income and education level would best enable you to predict annual income on the basis of level of education?

After an experiment,research participants are told its purpose and about any deception they may have experienced.This is called

In a psychological experiment,the factor that may be influenced by the manipulated experimental treatment is called the ________ variable.

A group of experimenters want to test the effectiveness of a well-known and expensive brand of pain medication against the effectiveness of a lesser-known and cheaper brand.To prevent any expectations about brand effectiveness from influencing their experimental test,the researchers are likely to make use of

To understand the British newspaper headline "Income for 62% Is Below Average," a reader needs to appreciate the distinction between the ________ and the mean.

If IQ scores are normally distributed,having a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15,approximately what percentage of people have IQ scores between 85 and 115?

To assess the influence of self-esteem on interpersonal attraction,researchers either insulted or complimented students about their physical appearance just before they went on a blind date.In this research,the dependent variable was

Being randomly assigned to the experimental group in a research project involves being assigned

In a study of factors that might affect memory,research participants were assigned to drink either an alcoholic or a nonalcoholic beverage prior to completing a memory test.Those who drank the nonalcoholic beverage were assigned to the ________ group.

In an experimental study of the extent to which sexual arousal is stimulated by laughter,sexual arousal would be the

After carefully studying how three single parents dealt with the loss of their jobs,Dr.Phong began to overestimate the national rate of unemployment.In this instance,Dr.Phong should be warned that ________ may be misleading.

Which of the following is most likely to inhibit critical thinking?

A refusal to consider potential evidence that might conflict with one's preconceived ideas best illustrates a lack of

Correlational research is most useful for purposes of

Thinking that she had outperformed most of her classmates,Glenda was surprised to receive just an average grade on her psychology test.Glenda's experience best illustrates

Unlike correlational studies,experiments involve

The healing power of positive expectations is best illustrated by

In an effort to prevent participants in an experiment from trying to confirm the researchers' predictions,psychologists sometimes