Question 1

Sometimes when you call a customer service center,you are put on hold; you don't not know how long it will be before the holding behavior is reinforced by the response of an associate,and it doesn't matter what one does in the meantime.Holding on a phone line is reinforced on a _____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-interval
B)   fixed-ratio
C)   variable-interval
D)   variable-ratio

Question 2

Adam was stung by a bee.Now he is frightened not only of bees but of all flying insects.This example illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus generalization.
B)   adaptation.
C)   shaping.
D)   spontaneous recovery.

Question 3

Salary is to commission as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   ratio schedule; interval schedule
B)   primary reinforcer; secondary reinforcer
C)   interval schedule; ratio schedule
D)   secondary reinforcer; primary reinforcer

Question 4

A rat in a Skinner box is trained to press a bar for food pellets.The rat is then placed on a partial reinforcement schedule,receiving pellets every 5 minutes.This is a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-interval
B)   fixed-ratio
C)   variable-interval
D)   variable-ratio

Question 5

Andrea has a needle phobia.Which pair correctly identifies the stimulus or response in the conditioning of her phobia?

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned stimulus - pain
B)   conditioned response - pain
C)   neutral stimulus - the needle itself
D)   unconditioned response - fear triggered by the needle

Question 6

Paychecks and course grades are delivered on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-ratio
B)   fixed-interval
C)   variable-ratio
D)   variable-interval

Question 7

Extinction expunges an association from an organism's brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

After a researcher conditions a dog to salivate in response to the sound of a tone,she continues to present the tone but does not give the dog any food.Eventually,the dog stops salivating to the tone.The dog is demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

A)   habituation.
B)   adaptation.
C)   discrimination.
D)   extinction.

Question 9

When Saralyn's partner says "I'm going to bed early," she follows expectantly; when he says,"I'm tired," she stays behind and reads in the living room for a while.Saralyn's behavior demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus generalization.
B)   instinctive drift.
C)   stimulus discrimination.
D)   acquisition training.

Question 10

B.F.Skinner's work reflected the psychological school of:

Accepted Answer

A)   humanism.
B)   behaviorism.
C)   structuralism.
D)   functionalism.

Question 11

In Albert Bandura's observational learning work,which of the following is MOST likely a dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)   whether children see a film of an adult model or not
B)   whether the model in the film behaves aggressively or not
C)   whether children mimic the model's aggressive behavior
D)   whether children are allowed to play with the doll after the film

Question 12

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are unrelated.
B)   They are opposites.
C)   They are the same thing.
D)   Stimulus discrimination is a type of stimulus generalization.

Question 13

Negative reinforcement:

Accepted Answer

A)   is the same thing as punishment.
B)   leads to an increase in the probability of a behavior.
C)   decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be performed.
D)   is also called secondary reinforcement.

Question 14

Based on the textbook's discussion,B.F.Skinner is known for the study of:

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning and shaping.
B)   operant conditioning and modeling.
C)   classical conditioning and fear.
D)   classical conditioning and taste aversion.

Question 15

Partial reinforcement is sometimes called intermittent reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which schedule of partial reinforcement is correctly matched with its definition?

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-ratio - reinforcement is delivered after a changing number of responses
B)   variable-ratio - reinforcement is delivered after a pre-established time period
C)   fixed-interval - reinforcement is delivered after a set number of responses
D)   variable-interval - reinforcement is delivered after a fluctuating time period

Question 17

In a series of three experiments,Tobias Greitemeyer (2009) examined the influence of prosocial messages on thought and behavior.Which statement BEST expresses the results of this research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Prosocial messages had short-term effects on prosocial thought and emotion,but not on prosocial behavior.
B)   Prosocial messages had short-term effects on prosocial thought,emotion,and behavior.
C)   Prosocial messages had long-term effects on prosocial thought,emotion,and behavior.
D)   Prosocial messages had little effect on prosocial thought,emotion,and behavior.

Question 18

In Ivan Pavlov's study,the bell is both a neutral and a conditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Roberta laughs at one of Keith's jokes,thereby providing positive reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A _____ schedule of reinforcement is one in which reinforcement is provided after a pre-established number of responses.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-interval
B)   fixed-ratio
C)   variable-interval
D)   variable-ratio

Exam 5: Learning

In Albert Bandura's observational learning work,which of the following is MOST likely a dependent variable?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Salary is to commission as _____ is to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Roberta laughs at one of Keith's jokes,thereby providing positive reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A _____ schedule of reinforcement is one in which reinforcement is provided after a pre-established number of responses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Saralyn's partner says "I'm going to bed early," she follows expectantly; when he says,"I'm tired," she stays behind and reads in the living room for a while.Saralyn's behavior demonstrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a series of three experiments,Tobias Greitemeyer (2009) examined the influence of prosocial messages on thought and behavior.Which statement BEST expresses the results of this research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After a researcher conditions a dog to salivate in response to the sound of a tone,she continues to present the tone but does not give the dog any food.Eventually,the dog stops salivating to the tone.The dog is demonstrating:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Andrea has a needle phobia.Which pair correctly identifies the stimulus or response in the conditioning of her phobia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A rat in a Skinner box is trained to press a bar for food pellets.The rat is then placed on a partial reinforcement schedule,receiving pellets every 5 minutes.This is a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Negative reinforcement:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Extinction expunges an association from an organism's brain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Partial reinforcement is sometimes called intermittent reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sometimes when you call a customer service center,you are put on hold; you don't not know how long it will be before the holding behavior is reinforced by the response of an associate,and it doesn't matter what one does in the meantime.Holding on a phone line is reinforced on a _____ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Paychecks and course grades are delivered on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the textbook's discussion,B.F.Skinner is known for the study of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which schedule of partial reinforcement is correctly matched with its definition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Ivan Pavlov's study,the bell is both a neutral and a conditioned stimulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

B.F.Skinner's work reflected the psychological school of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adam was stung by a bee.Now he is frightened not only of bees but of all flying insects.This example illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Salary is to commission as _ is to _.

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