Question 1

Research has demonstrated that the language deficits observed in children from families with low socioeconomic status are largely the result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  nutritional deficits.
B)  genetic factors.
C)  the quality of the communication between the child and the primary caregiver.
D)  attachment style between the child and the primary caregiver.

Question 2

Practical reasoning involves an action-oriented goal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

People often make decisions about a current situation based on what they have previously invested in the situation.This behaviour illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  the sunk-cost fallacy.
B)  the availability bias.
C)  rational economic theory.
D)  base-price sensitivity.

Question 4

Activity in which brain region is MOST associated with forming prototypes?

Accepted Answer

A)  the right hemisphere
B)  the prefrontal cortex
C)  the basal ganglia
D)  the visual cortex

Question 5

Grammatical mistakes in children most often arise from not applying a previously learned rule to a novel sentence construction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Bilingual children tend to have a smaller vocabulary in each language than do their monolingual peers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions :
Scenario I
The scenario is based on and presents results consistent with the following studies:
Snedeker,J. ,Geren,J. ,& Shafto,C.L.(2007) .Starting over: International adoption as a natural experiment in language development.Psychological Science,18(1) ,79-87.doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01852.x
Snedeker,J. ,Geren,J. ,& Shafto,C.L.(2012) .Disentangling the effects of cognitive development and linguistic expertise: A longitudinal study of the acquisition of English in internationally-adopted children.Cognitive Psychology,65(1) ,39-76.doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.01.004
Language development occurs in orderly stages,beginning with one-word utterances and progressing to two-word utterances,simple sentences containing function morphemes,and the emergence of grammatical rules.Psycholinguists have attempted to determine if language development is a consequence of cognitive development or if it reflects linguistic processes that occur independently of general cognitive development.Studies on the acquisition of a second language in internationally adopted children have provided insight into this research question.In a series of studies,Snedeker and colleagues (2007,2012) studied the acquisition of the English language in adopted preschoolers from China.These children had no exposure to the English language before being adopted by families in the United States.
Figure 9.1 
-(Scenario I) In a second study,Snedeker and colleagues (2012) found that older (e.g. ,5 year-old) internationally adopted children acquiring English as a second language began correctly using words pertaining to time (e.g. ,yesterday,tomorrow) earlier in their exposure to English than did monolingual infant controls.This observed difference is BEST interpreted as:

Accepted Answer

A)  support for the contention that linguistic development is a separate process from cognitive development.
B)  resulting from more advanced cognitive development in the older children.
C)  a reflection of previously developed linguistic expertise in the older children's first language.
D)  resulting from some combination of more advanced cognitive development and previous linguistic development in the older children's first language.

Question 8

Deep structure refers to the _____ of a sentence.

Accepted Answer

A)  grammar
B)  wording
C)  meaning
D)  morphology

Question 9

Eleanor Rosch developed both family resemblance theory and prototype theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which Mexican immigrant,each of whom is 30 years old,is MOST likely to have developed the best English skills?

Accepted Answer

A)  Teresa,who arrived at age 3
B)  Jose,who arrived at age 9
C)  Carmen,who arrived at age 15
D)  Teresa,Jose,and Carmen should have approximately equivalent English skills.

Question 11

Internationally adopted preschoolers acquire a second language:

Accepted Answer

A)  in the same orderly sequence as younger monolingual infants.
B)  without having to progress through as many steps as younger monolingual infants.
C)  almost immediately,because syntax was already learned in their native language.
D)  much slower than do younger monolingual infants,reflecting interference from their native language.

Question 12

Which expression is an example of telegraphic speech?

Accepted Answer

A)  ball
B)  bat and ball
C)  more juice
D)  more

Question 13

_____ is more robust in North Americans relative to Eastern cultures.

Accepted Answer

A)  The sunk-cost fallacy
B)  The conjunction fallacy
C)  Optimism bias
D)  Availability bias

Question 14

The linguistic relativity hypothesis states that language shapes the nature of thought.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Meeting a sufficient condition for membership into a club guarantees club membership.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Professor Janes is preparing a flow chart depicting a timeline of the history of psychology to be used at a Chinese university.To maximize student learning,how should the flow chart be oriented?

Accepted Answer

A)  beginning at the left and moving to the right
B)  beginning at the right and moving to the left
C)  beginning at the top and moving to the bottom
D)  beginning at the bottom and moving to the top

Question 17

_____ is defined as the difficulty in producing or comprehending language.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dysphasia
B)  Dystaxia
C)  Apraxia
D)  Aphasia

Question 18

The nativist position argues that language-learning capacities are built into the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

According to prospect theory,when will people choose to take on risks?

Accepted Answer

A)  never,as it is a rational choice model
B)  when evaluating potential gains
C)  when evaluating potential losses
D)  when outcomes are framed in terms of probability

Question 20

Interactionist theories of language development argue that social interactions,not innate biological processes,are responsible for the development of language.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 9: Language and Thought

Correct Answer
verified

Meeting a sufficient condition for membership into a club guarantees club membership.

Correct Answer
verified

_____ is more robust in North Americans relative to Eastern cultures.

Correct Answer
verified

Practical reasoning involves an action-oriented goal.

Correct Answer
verified

The nativist position argues that language-learning capacities are built into the brain.

Correct Answer
verified

Eleanor Rosch developed both family resemblance theory and prototype theory.

Correct Answer
verified

Bilingual children tend to have a smaller vocabulary in each language than do their monolingual peers.

Correct Answer
verified

_____ is defined as the difficulty in producing or comprehending language.

Correct Answer
verified

People often make decisions about a current situation based on what they have previously invested in the situation.This behaviour illustrates:

Correct Answer
verified

Activity in which brain region is MOST associated with forming prototypes?

Correct Answer
verified

According to prospect theory,when will people choose to take on risks?

Correct Answer
verified

Which expression is an example of telegraphic speech?

Correct Answer
verified

Internationally adopted preschoolers acquire a second language:

Correct Answer
verified

Grammatical mistakes in children most often arise from not applying a previously learned rule to a novel sentence construction.

Correct Answer
verified

Research has demonstrated that the language deficits observed in children from families with low socioeconomic status are largely the result of:

Correct Answer
verified

Deep structure refers to the _____ of a sentence.

Correct Answer
verified

The linguistic relativity hypothesis states that language shapes the nature of thought.

Correct Answer
verified

Which Mexican immigrant,each of whom is 30 years old,is MOST likely to have developed the best English skills?

Correct Answer
verified

Professor Janes is preparing a flow chart depicting a timeline of the history of psychology to be used at a Chinese university.To maximize student learning,how should the flow chart be oriented?

Correct Answer
verified

Interactionist theories of language development argue that social interactions,not innate biological processes,are responsible for the development of language.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 9: Language and Thought

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Meeting a sufficient condition for membership into a club guarantees club membership.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is more robust in North Americans relative to Eastern cultures.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Practical reasoning involves an action-oriented goal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The nativist position argues that language-learning capacities are built into the brain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eleanor Rosch developed both family resemblance theory and prototype theory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bilingual children tend to have a smaller vocabulary in each language than do their monolingual peers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is defined as the difficulty in producing or comprehending language.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People often make decisions about a current situation based on what they have previously invested in the situation.This behaviour illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Activity in which brain region is MOST associated with forming prototypes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to prospect theory,when will people choose to take on risks?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which expression is an example of telegraphic speech?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Internationally adopted preschoolers acquire a second language:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Grammatical mistakes in children most often arise from not applying a previously learned rule to a novel sentence construction.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research has demonstrated that the language deficits observed in children from families with low socioeconomic status are largely the result of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Deep structure refers to the _____ of a sentence.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The linguistic relativity hypothesis states that language shapes the nature of thought.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which Mexican immigrant,each of whom is 30 years old,is MOST likely to have developed the best English skills?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Janes is preparing a flow chart depicting a timeline of the history of psychology to be used at a Chinese university.To maximize student learning,how should the flow chart be oriented?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Interactionist theories of language development argue that social interactions,not innate biological processes,are responsible for the development of language.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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