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Reading a romantic novel caused Consuela to recall some past experiences with a high school boyfriend.The effect of the novel on Consuela's memory retrieval is an illustration of


A) priming.
B) memory consolidation.
C) automatic processing.
D) the serial position effect.

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Watching a TV soap opera involving marital conflict and divorce led Andrea to recall several instances in which her husband had thoughtlessly treated her.The effect of the TV program on Andrea's recall provides an example of


A) implicit memory.
B) memory consolidation.
C) the serial position effect.
D) priming.

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Chunking refers to


A) getting information into memory through the use of visual imagery.
B) the organization of information into meaningful units.
C) the unconscious encoding of incidental information.
D) the tendency to recognize names we can't recall.

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Students often have longer-lasting memories of information from a one-semester course than from an intensive three-week course.This best illustrates the importance of


A) chunking.
B) automatic processing.
C) implicit memory.
D) the spacing effect.

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Stressful life experiences such as being raped are NOT likely to be


A) encoded.
B) repressed.
C) stored.
D) retrieved.

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Damage to the ________ would most likely interfere with learning a conditioned fear response to the sight of a dog that had threatened you on several occasions.


A) hippocampus
B) basal ganglia
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebellum

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Memory is best defined as


A) the conscious encoding of information.
B) stored knowledge that has been semantically encoded.
C) the persistence of learning through the storage and retrieval of information.
D) the retrieval of stored information in precisely the same form in which it was encoded.

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When asked misleading questions after observing an accident,eyewitnesses often reconstruct their initial memories of the event.This best illustrates


A) repression.
B) déjà vu.
C) implicit memory.
D) the misinformation effect.

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Retroactive interference involves the disruption of


A) automatic processing.
B) sensory memory.
C) memory retrieval.
D) effortful processing.

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Research by Kandel and Schwartz on California sea slugs indicates that memory formation is associated with the


A) structure of DNA molecules.
B) release of certain neurotransmitters.
C) activity level of the hippocampus.
D) development of the cerebellum.

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The network that processes and stores explicit memories includes the


A) hippocampus and basal ganglia.
B) cerebellum and frontal lobes.
C) hippocampus and frontal lobes.
D) basal ganglia and cerebellum.

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During the day,Bekah learned a lot of information about World War II.During her sleep that night,memories of this history were transferred from her hippocampus to areas within her brain's cortex.This transfer best illustrates


A) working memory.
B) the spacing effect.
C) episodic memory.
D) memory consolidation.

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The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as


A) the serial position effect.
B) implicit memory.
C) memory consolidation.
D) flashbulb memory.

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Which early memory explorer was the first to make extensive use of nonsense syllables in the study of human memory?


A) George Miller
B) William James
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Hermann Ebbinghaus

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After being asked to remember three consonants,participants in a research study counted aloud backward by threes to prevent


A) source amnesia.
B) iconic memory.
C) encoding failure.
D) rehearsal.

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By releasing more serotonin,the sea slug makes certain neurons more efficient at ________ the signals necessary to learn a classically conditioned association.


A) priming
B) transmitting
C) consolidating
D) repressing

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The happier Judie is,the more readily she recalls positive life experiences.This best illustrates that emotional states can become


A) retrieval cues.
B) a primacy effect.
C) procedural memories.
D) flashbulb memories.

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The hippocampus helps process ________ memories for long-term storage.


A) iconic
B) explicit
C) echoic
D) implicit

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Our two-track mind is most clearly illustrated by the difference between


A) massed practice and distributed practice.
B) encoding and retrieval.
C) implicit memory and explicit memory.
D) short-term memory and long-term memory.

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Long-term potentiation refers to


A) the impact of effortful processing on retention.
B) an automatic tendency to recall emotionally significant events.
C) an increase in a neuron's firing potential.
D) the process of learning something without any conscious memory of having learned it.

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