Question 1

pH

Accepted Answer

A)  increases with acidity.
B)  is measured on a scale of 0 to 10.
C)  is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration.
D)  reflects sodium content of body fluids.
E)  is not related to amounts of carbon dioxide in the body.

Question 2

Once alkalosis has occurred,which of the following would you expect to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased respiratory rate
B)  a plasma pH less than 7.40
C)  retention of hydrogen ions by the kidney
D)  increased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate ions
E)  secretion of hydrogen ions by the kidney

Question 3

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma
B)  interstitial compartment
C)  intracellular compartment
D)  extracellular compartment
E)  lymph

Question 4

A falling blood pH and a rising concentration of carbon dioxide due to emphysema,indicate

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis.
B)  metabolic alkalosis.
C)  respiratory acidosis.
D)  respiratory alkalosis.
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 5

The main regulator of serum phosphate levels is a transport process in the

Accepted Answer

A)  liver.
B)  kidneys.
C)  pancreas.
D)  small intestine.
E)  large intestine.

Question 6

Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?

Accepted Answer

A)  acidosis
B)  pH increases
C)  H+ ion concentration increases
D)  carbonic acid levels increase
E)  pH decreases

Question 7

The distribution of sodium and potassium ions between intracellular and extracellular compartments is

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium mainly intracellular; sodium mainly in extracellular.
B)  sodium mainly intracellular; potassium mainly in extracellular.
C)  little of either intracellular but large amounts of both extracellular.
D)  equal amounts of both ions,in both intracellular and extracellular fluids.
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 8

Mr.I.M.A.Wreck's plasma pH is 7.2.Which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in respiration rate
B)  a decrease in respiration rate
C)  no change in respiration rate

Question 9

A force that causes the movement of fluid out of the capillary is

Accepted Answer

A)  blood pressure.
B)  positive interstitial pressure.
C)  blood colloid osmotic pressure.
D)  critical closing pressure.
E)  lymph pressure.

Question 10

Receptors sensitive to changes in the osmolality of extracellular fluid are the

Accepted Answer

A)  baroreceptors.
B)  chemoreceptors.
C)  osmoreceptors.
D)  pressoreceptors.
E)  proprioreceptors.

Question 11

An increase in parathyroid hormone levels results in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased rate of bone resorption.
B)  increased rate of vitamin D degradation.
C)  increased concentration of potassium ions in the urine.
D)  increased rate of calcium ion excretion by the kidneys.
E)  decreased levels of blood calcium.

Question 12

Which of the following people would be most severely affected by prolonged vomiting?

Accepted Answer

A)  3-year-old male
B)  15-year-old male
C)  35-year-old male
D)  35-year-old female
E)  50-year-old male

Question 13

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperkalemia.
B)  hypercalcemia.
C)  hypernatremia.
D)  increased urine volume.
E)  hyponatremia.

Question 14

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

Accepted Answer

A)  cells to become more excitable.
B)  hyperpolarization of cell membranes.
C)  more action potentials to be generated.
D)  increased permeability of cell membranes.
E)  hypopolarization of cell membranes.

Question 15

Which of the following will the body begin to do in order to compensate for hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  vasoconstriction of blood vessels
B)  increase ADH secretion
C)  decrease aldosterone secretion
D)  increase the release of atrial natriuretic hormone
E)  increase aldosterone secretion

Question 16

The K+ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia.Low plasma K+ levels will cause

Accepted Answer

A)  thirst.
B)  muscle weakness.
C)  increased body temperature.
D)  tremors,tetany,and convulsions.
E)  paralysis.

Question 17

Wetting the oral mucosa and stretching the digestive tract will cause ____________ in thirst sensations.

Accepted Answer

A)  a temporary interruption
B)  a tremendous increase
C)  an increase in blood osmolarity and an increase
D)  an increase in blood osmolarity and a decrease

Question 18

The most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid is _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium
B)  potassium
C)  chloride
D)  calcium
E)  magnesium

Question 19

An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a(n) ____ in H+ ions and a(n) ____ in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease,decrease
B)  decrease,increase
C)  increase,increase
D)  increase,decrease
E)  increase,no change

Question 20

The stimulus for secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone is increased

Accepted Answer

A)  blood osmolality.
B)  aldosterone production.
C)  blood pressure in atria of heart.
D)  blood pressure in kidney's afferent arterioles.
E)  blood pressure in the ventricles of the heart.

Exam 27: Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mr.I.M.A.Wreck's plasma pH is 7.2.Which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the largest volume of water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

pH

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid is _________________.

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The stimulus for secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone is increased

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main regulator of serum phosphate levels is a transport process in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following will the body begin to do in order to compensate for hyperkalemia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Once alkalosis has occurred,which of the following would you expect to happen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in parathyroid hormone levels results in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A force that causes the movement of fluid out of the capillary is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The distribution of sodium and potassium ions between intracellular and extracellular compartments is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following people would be most severely affected by prolonged vomiting?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The K+ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia.Low plasma K+ levels will cause

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Receptors sensitive to changes in the osmolality of extracellular fluid are the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wetting the oral mucosa and stretching the digestive tract will cause ____________ in thirst sensations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in blood CO2 levels is followed by a(n) ____ in H+ ions and a(n) ____ in blood pH.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A falling blood pH and a rising concentration of carbon dioxide due to emphysema,indicate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The K⁺ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia.Low plasma K⁺ levels will cause

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An increase in blood CO₂ levels is followed by a(n) in H⁺ ions and a(n) in blood pH.

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