Question 1

Which of the following is most likely to happen to a group of students who relax by drinking a pitcher of their favorite beverage?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in urine volume
B)  an increase in urine osmolality
C)  an increase in ADH production
D)  increased aldosterone secretion
E)  a decrease in urine volume

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of water conservation by the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  diarrhea
B)  perspiration
C)  decreased water intake
D)  decreased urine volume
E)  increased urine volume

Question 3

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the hematocrit.
B)  decrease ADH production.
C)  increase the blood pressure.
D)  increase the osmolality of body fluids.
E)  decrease the osmolality of body fluids.

Question 4

Which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions into a solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  acids
B)  bases
C)  salts
D)  glucose
E)  water

Question 5

Aldosterone secretion may be stimulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH.
B)  elevated potassium levels.
C)  excess water intake.
D)  elevated sodium levels.
E)  low potassium levels.

Question 6

Edema can occur when there is

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the amount of plasma proteins.
B)  a decrease in capillary permeability to proteins.
C)  a decrease in blood pressure.
D)  a blockage of the lymphatics.
E)  an increase in blood colloid osmotic pressure.

Question 7

Elevated blood pressure under resting conditions results in increased urinary output because

Accepted Answer

A)  baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to increase ADH secretion.
B)  elevated blood pressure stimulates renin secretion.
C)  the amount of angiotensin II formed is increased.
D)  aldosterone levels increase.
E)  baroreceptors signal the hypothalamus to decrease ADH secretion.

Question 8

What cell structure regulates the composition of the intracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma membrane
B)  Cell wall
C)  Endoplasmic reticulum
D)  Ribosomes
E)  Nucleus

Question 9

Hyposecretion of aldosterone would lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  increased secretion of hydrogen ions.
B)  decreased secretion of hydrogen ions.
C)  no change in secretion of hydrogen ions.

Question 10

Body fluid pH will rise dramatically when

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium is excreted by the kidney.
B)  large amounts of bicarbonate are ingested.
C)  carbonic acid is formed.
D)  the respiratory rate decreases.
E)  carbon dioxide levels increase.

Question 11

Hyperkalemia is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  excess excitability of kalems.
B)  reduction of plasma calcium level.
C)  increase in plasma potassium level.
D)  increase in plasma sodium level.
E)  decrease in plasma potassium level.

Question 12

As a result of hyperventilation,

Accepted Answer

A)  the body pH decreases.
B)  the plasma PCO2 level decreases.
C)  the kidney will increase the rate of hydrogen ion excretion.
D)  more bicarbonate ions are added to the plasma.
E)  the plasma PCO2 level increases.

Question 13

Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma
B)  interstitial
C)  intracellular
D)  extracellular
E)  cytoplasm

Question 14

Increased ADH secretion could be stimulated by which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased renal blood flow
B)  increased blood osmolality
C)  increased atrial natriuretic hormone production
D)  increased blood pressure
E)  decreased blood osmolality

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a buffer system of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate buffer system
B)  phosphate buffer system
C)  protein buffer system
D)  NaCl buffer system
E)  hemoglobin buffer

Question 16

In hypocalcemia,

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization is prevented.
B)  PTH production is reduced.
C)  blood calcium levels are increased.
D)  neuromuscular excitability increases.
E)  neuromuscular excitability decreases.

Question 17

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma
B)  interstitial compartment
C)  intracellular compartment
D)  extracellular compartment
E)  cytoplasm

Question 18

Which of the following can play a role in buffering the pH of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia
B)  bicarbonate ions
C)  phosphate ions
D)  ammonia and bicarbonate ions
E)  ammonia,bicarbonate ions and phosphate ions

Question 19

Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called __________ and is important in ____________ control.

Accepted Answer

A)  insensible perspiration; blood volume
B)  insensible perspiration; heat loss
C)  sensible perspiration; blood volume
D)  sensible perspiration; temperature

Question 20

What characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  presence of channels in the membrane
B)  presence of lipids in the membrane
C)  being selectively permeable
D)  high sodium concentration inside the cell

Exam 27: Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Which of the following can play a role in buffering the pH of urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of water conservation by the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most likely to happen to a group of students who relax by drinking a pitcher of their favorite beverage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyposecretion of aldosterone would lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions into a solution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Edema can occur when there is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increased ADH secretion could be stimulated by which of the following situations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyperkalemia is defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a result of hyperventilation,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Body fluid pH will rise dramatically when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In hypocalcemia,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What cell structure regulates the composition of the intracellular fluid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a buffer system of the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Elevated blood pressure under resting conditions results in increased urinary output because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone secretion may be stimulated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called __________ and is important in ____________ control.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Loss of water through diffusion and evaporation from the skin is called and is important in __ control.

Correct Answer
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