Question 1

This mode of reasoning comes into play when the implications of one's religion, ethics, politics, rules, laws, regulations, or policies are the focus of concern:

Accepted Answer

A)   empirical
B)   comparative
C)   pragmatic
D)   ideological D

Question 2

Ideological reasoning begins with a specific observable situation and proceeds to an abstract or generalized conclusion about beliefs and values.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

If the person who makes an ideological argument gives a reason why one of the premises is true, then ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   that person has lost the argument
B)   a new argument has been made
C)   the conclusion is probably false
D)   the speaker is untrustworthy

Question 4

If the speaker gives an additional reason to establish that a given premise is true, then the speaker has made a new argument; then first map the new argument (reason + claim). After that _______________ the new argument by using the four tests of the acceptability of an argument and, if applicable, the five criteria for evaluating comparative reasoning.

Accepted Answer

evaluate

Question 5

Which of the following primarily depends upon ideological reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)   To those who would dismiss evolution as "only a theory," The National Center for Science Education Web site proposes this analogy: "Evolution is only a theory in the same way that Universal Gravity is only a theory."
B)   No animals capable of tool making, social interaction, and language deserve to be put in zoos or used for medical experiments. It follows that our treatment of chimpanzees is a deplorable and unethical violation of their basic rights.
C)   I know several people who believe that it is OK to cheat on their taxes just a little bit. Like not reporting all their cash income. Or, by padding their business travel expenses.
D)   Whenever I play the lottery, the number I put in is my birthday. If that's not my lucky number, then I don't have one.

Question 6

Characterizing the premises of ideological arguments as axiomatic means that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the conclusions of ideological arguments are presented as certain
B)   the premises are starting points, first principles, or assumptions
C)   the persuasiveness of ideological reasoning is not open to doubt
D)   the validity of the ideological reasoning cannot be questioned

Question 7

What is meant by saying that in the case of ideological reasoning the argument maker takes the ideological absolutes on faith.

Accepted Answer

To the person or the community making an...

Question 8

Which of the following statements about ideological reasoning is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is the same as comparative reasoning.
B)   It is useful for determining what our beliefs imply.
C)   It is the same as empirical reasoning.
D)   It is permitted in legal proceedings.

Question 9

What is another term for ideological reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)   pro-and-con thinking
B)   give-and-take thinking
C)   this-is-like-that thinking
D)   bottom-up thinking
E)   top-down thinking

Question 10

Which of the following does not primarily depend upon ideological reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Government entitlement programs stimulate economic growth. So we need to fund the Small Business Administration's program that connects retired executives as advisors to the owners of mom-and-pop businesses.
B)   Government entitlement programs are colossal wastes of taxpayer fund. So we need to discontinue the practice of permitting ranchers to graze their cattle on Federal land.
C)   When you use ideological reasoning as foundation for arguments it can be like trying to build a house on a sand dune.
D)   "Reserve your right to think, for even to think wrongly is far better than not to think at all," argued the respected scholar Hypatia of Alexandria more than fifteen hundred years ago.

Question 11

Ideological arguments will generally pass the test of logical strength because most of the time ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   they are the products of warranted inductive reasoning
B)   there is nobody around who has the courage to disagree
C)   their premises are true
D)   they are often the products of valid deductive reasoning

Question 12

Characterizing ideological reasoning as deductive means that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the conclusions of ideological arguments are presented as certain
B)   the premises of ideological arguments are presented as true
C)   the persuasiveness of ideological reasoning is not open to doubt
D)   the validity of the ideological reasoning cannot be questioned A

Question 13

When evaluating ideological arguments, perhaps the most important of the four tests of the acceptability of an argument is the test of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the truthfulness of the premises
B)   logical strength
C)   relevance
D)   non-circularity

Question 14

When engaging in ideological reasoning, the argument maker ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   must have reasons to back up the ideological premises
B)   allows experts to attempt to sway his or her opinion
C)   takes the ideological premises on faith
D)   uses science to convince his or her listeners

Question 15

In court when the prosecuting attorney argues that a legal principle implies that the jury must find the defendant guilty, the lawyer is using _______________ reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A)   comparative
B)   ideological
C)   empirical
D)   causal
E)   correlational

Question 16

If the argument maker cites some other source or sources as basis for believing that a given premise is true, evaluate the ____________ of the other source or sources by applying 12 criteria for trustworthy expertise

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the argument maker cites some other...

Question 17

If the argument maker asks the listener to accept the argument maker himself or herself as the source of the truth of a given premise, evaluate the ______________ of the argument maker by applying the 12 criteria for trustworthy expertise.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the argument maker asks the listener...

Question 18

What is meant by describing ideological reasoning as deductive in character?

Accepted Answer

For the most part, the conclusions of id...

Question 19

What should strong critical thinkers do if their beliefs lead to contradictions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Revise or abandon one or more of our beliefs.
B)   Take comfort in knowing that over the course of time the inconsistencies will be resolved.
C)   Contact an expert to ask for an opinion.
D)   Realize that it is nearly impossible for any belief system to be both comprehensively true.
E)   Embrace the mystery.

Question 20

Because ideological belief structures are socially normative, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ideological arguments must be accepted
B)   those who disagree are seen as outsiders, ignorant, mistaken, abnormal, or dangerous
C)   the premises of ideological arguments can be disconfirmed experimentally
D)   people who make ideological arguments are untrustworthy

Exam 13: Ideological Reasoning

This mode of reasoning comes into play when the implications of one's religion, ethics, politics, rules, laws, regulations, or policies are the focus of concern:

Correct Answer
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D

Ideological reasoning begins with a specific observable situation and proceeds to an abstract or generalized conclusion about beliefs and values.

Correct Answer
verified

If the person who makes an ideological argument gives a reason why one of the premises is true, then ________.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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evaluate

Which of the following primarily depends upon ideological reasoning?

Correct Answer
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Characterizing the premises of ideological arguments as axiomatic means that ________.

Correct Answer
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What is meant by saying that in the case of ideological reasoning the argument maker takes the ideological absolutes on faith.

Correct Answer
verified
To the person or the community making an...
View Answer

Which of the following statements about ideological reasoning is true?

Correct Answer
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What is another term for ideological reasoning?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following does not primarily depend upon ideological reasoning?

Correct Answer
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Ideological arguments will generally pass the test of logical strength because most of the time ________.

Correct Answer
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Characterizing ideological reasoning as deductive means that ________.

Correct Answer
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A

When evaluating ideological arguments, perhaps the most important of the four tests of the acceptability of an argument is the test of ________.

Correct Answer
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When engaging in ideological reasoning, the argument maker ________.

Correct Answer
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In court when the prosecuting attorney argues that a legal principle implies that the jury must find the defendant guilty, the lawyer is using _______________ reasoning.

Correct Answer
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If the argument maker cites some other source or sources as basis for believing that a given premise is true, evaluate the ____________ of the other source or sources by applying 12 criteria for trustworthy expertise

Correct Answer
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If the argument maker asks the listener to accept the argument maker himself or herself as the source of the truth of a given premise, evaluate the ______________ of the argument maker by applying the 12 criteria for trustworthy expertise.

Correct Answer
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What is meant by describing ideological reasoning as deductive in character?

Correct Answer
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For the most part, the conclusions of id...
View Answer

What should strong critical thinkers do if their beliefs lead to contradictions?

Correct Answer
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Because ideological belief structures are socially normative, ________.

Correct Answer
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Exam 13: Ideological Reasoning

This mode of reasoning comes into play when the implications of one's religion, ethics, politics, rules, laws, regulations, or policies are the focus of concern:

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Ideological reasoning begins with a specific observable situation and proceeds to an abstract or generalized conclusion about beliefs and values.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the person who makes an ideological argument gives a reason why one of the premises is true, then ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answerverifiedevaluate

Which of the following primarily depends upon ideological reasoning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Characterizing the premises of ideological arguments as axiomatic means that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is meant by saying that in the case of ideological reasoning the argument maker takes the ideological absolutes on faith.

Correct AnswerverifiedTo the person or the community making an...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following statements about ideological reasoning is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is another term for ideological reasoning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not primarily depend upon ideological reasoning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ideological arguments will generally pass the test of logical strength because most of the time ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Characterizing ideological reasoning as deductive means that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

When evaluating ideological arguments, perhaps the most important of the four tests of the acceptability of an argument is the test of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When engaging in ideological reasoning, the argument maker ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In court when the prosecuting attorney argues that a legal principle implies that the jury must find the defendant guilty, the lawyer is using _______________ reasoning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the argument maker cites some other source or sources as basis for believing that a given premise is true, evaluate the ____________ of the other source or sources by applying 12 criteria for trustworthy expertise

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the argument maker asks the listener to accept the argument maker himself or herself as the source of the truth of a given premise, evaluate the ______________ of the argument maker by applying the 12 criteria for trustworthy expertise.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is meant by describing ideological reasoning as deductive in character?

Correct AnswerverifiedFor the most part, the conclusions of id...View AnswerShow Answer

What should strong critical thinkers do if their beliefs lead to contradictions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because ideological belief structures are socially normative, ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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evaluate

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To the person or the community making an...
View Answer

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A

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For the most part, the conclusions of id...
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