Question 1

Distinguishing between an experimental group and a control group is most relevant to specifying the nature of

Accepted Answer

A)   random sampling.
B)   confounding variables.
C)   a standard deviation.
D)   independent variables.

Question 2

A statement describing how a researcher manipulates an independent variable is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   control condition.
B)   replication.
C)   operational definition.
D)   hypothesis.

Question 3

In a drug-treatment study, participants given a pill containing no actual drug are receiving a

Accepted Answer

A)   random sample.
B)   double blind.
C)   replication.
D)   placebo.

Question 4

Professor Bolden claims that his experimental research demonstrates that eating an apple every day improves children's reading skills. How might he best offer further support for the reliability of this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)   replication
B)   naturalistic observation
C)   case studies
D)   correlational research

Question 5

The experiment is a research method in which

Accepted Answer

A)   a random sample of individuals are questioned about their opinions and behaviors.
B)   individuals are carefully observed in their natural environment.
C)   a researcher manipulates one or more factors that might affect behavior.
D)   an individual is studied in great depth.

Question 6

To study the effects of noise on worker productivity, researchers have one group of people work in a noisy room and a second group work in a quiet room. To be sure that any differences in the productivity of the two groups actually result from the different noise levels, the researcher should use

Accepted Answer

A)   the case study.
B)   correlational measurement.
C)   naturalistic observation.
D)   random assignment.

Question 7

The most commonly reported measure of central tendency is the

Accepted Answer

A)   mode.
B)   mean.
C)   median.
D)   standard deviation.

Question 8

To understand the British newspaper headline "Income for 62% Is Below Average," a reader needs to appreciate the distinction between the ________ and the mean.

Accepted Answer

A)   range
B)   standard deviation
C)   mode
D)   median

Question 9

Those who rely on the case-study method need to be especially alert to the dangers of

Accepted Answer

A)   confounding variables.
B)   replication.
C)   random assignment.
D)   false generalization.

Question 10

The children in Mrs. Shashoua's neighborhood make fun of her limp. She concludes that today's kids are typically cruel and insensitive. Mrs. Shashoua ought to remind herself that reasonable generalizations depend on

Accepted Answer

A)   observing representative samples.
B)   recognizing that correlation does not mean causation.
C)   confusing causation with correlation.
D)   the elimination of confounding variables.

Question 11

Conducting a case study best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   random sampling.
B)   the correlational method.
C)   the double-blind procedure.
D)   the descriptive method.

Question 12

The most effective way of assessing the impact of hormone replacement therapy on women's health is by means of

Accepted Answer

A)   case studies.
B)   experiments.
C)   correlational measurement.
D)   naturalistic observations.

Question 13

A researcher would be MOST likely to discover a negative correlation between

Accepted Answer

A)   body height and body weight.
B)   self-esteem and depression.
C)   education and personal wealth.
D)   intelligence and academic success.

Question 14

In reporting the effect of drinking alcohol on self-consciousness, psychological researchers would specify exactly how they measured self-consciousness. They are thereby providing a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   experimental hypothesis.
B)   case study.
C)   double-blind procedure.
D)   operational definition.

Question 15

Random assignment is most likely to be used in ________ research.

Accepted Answer

A)   survey
B)   case study
C)   correlational
D)   experimental

Question 16

Professor Woo noticed that the distribution of students' scores on her last biology test had an extremely small standard deviation. This indicates that the

Accepted Answer

A)   test was given to a very small class of students.
B)   test was a poor measure of the students' knowledge.
C)   students generally performed very well on the test.
D)   students' scores tended to be very similar to one another.

Question 17

Which of the following research methods would most effectively demonstrate that watching TV violence causes children to act aggressively?

Accepted Answer

A)   experiment
B)   naturalistic observation
C)   survey
D)   case study

Question 18

Statistical significance refers to whether research

Accepted Answer

A)   variables are causally related.
B)   participants were randomly assigned to conditions.
C)   findings are due to chance variations.
D)   results add support to previous findings.

Question 19

Hypotheses are best described as

Accepted Answer

A)   assumptions.
B)   replications.
C)   explanations.
D)   predictions.

Question 20

Abdul has volunteered to participate in an experiment evaluating the effectiveness of aspirin. Neither he nor the experimenters know whether the pills he takes during the experiment contain aspirin or are merely placebos. The investigators are apparently making use of

Accepted Answer

A)   naturalistic observation.
B)   the normal curve.
C)   the double-blind procedure.
D)   random sampling.

Exam 3: A: Research Strategies

The most commonly reported measure of central tendency is the

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A researcher would be MOST likely to discover a negative correlation between

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Statistical significance refers to whether research

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In reporting the effect of drinking alcohol on self-consciousness, psychological researchers would specify exactly how they measured self-consciousness. They are thereby providing a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hypotheses are best described as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most effective way of assessing the impact of hormone replacement therapy on women's health is by means of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Random assignment is most likely to be used in ________ research.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A statement describing how a researcher manipulates an independent variable is known as a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Abdul has volunteered to participate in an experiment evaluating the effectiveness of aspirin. Neither he nor the experimenters know whether the pills he takes during the experiment contain aspirin or are merely placebos. The investigators are apparently making use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Those who rely on the case-study method need to be especially alert to the dangers of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following research methods would most effectively demonstrate that watching TV violence causes children to act aggressively?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The children in Mrs. Shashoua's neighborhood make fun of her limp. She concludes that today's kids are typically cruel and insensitive. Mrs. Shashoua ought to remind herself that reasonable generalizations depend on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The experiment is a research method in which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a drug-treatment study, participants given a pill containing no actual drug are receiving a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Woo noticed that the distribution of students' scores on her last biology test had an extremely small standard deviation. This indicates that the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To understand the British newspaper headline "Income for 62% Is Below Average," a reader needs to appreciate the distinction between the ________ and the mean.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Distinguishing between an experimental group and a control group is most relevant to specifying the nature of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Conducting a case study best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Bolden claims that his experimental research demonstrates that eating an apple every day improves children's reading skills. How might he best offer further support for the reliability of this finding?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To study the effects of noise on worker productivity, researchers have one group of people work in a noisy room and a second group work in a quiet room. To be sure that any differences in the productivity of the two groups actually result from the different noise levels, the researcher should use

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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