Question 1

The researcher most closely associated with the study of classical conditioning is

Accepted Answer

A)   David Hume.
B)   B. F. Skinner.
C)   Albert Bandura.
D)   Ivan Pavlov.

Question 2

For the most rapid acquisition of a CR, the CS should be presented

Accepted Answer

A)   shortly after the CR.
B)   shortly after the US.
C)   shortly before the US.
D)   at the same time as the US.

Question 3

An experimenter plans to condition a dog to salivate to a light by pairing the light with food. The dog will learn to salivate to the light most quickly if the experimenter presents the light

Accepted Answer

A)   five seconds before the food.
B)   half a second before the food.
C)   at precisely the same time as the food.
D)   a half-second after the food.

Question 4

After getting a slight burn from the spark of a flickering campfire, Julie became afraid of getting close to lighted gas stoves. This best illustrates the adaptive value of

Accepted Answer

A)   acquisition.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   generalization.
D)   discrimination.

Question 5

Learning that certain events occur together is called

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive learning.
B)   latent learning.
C)   observational learning.
D)   associative learning.

Question 6

An automatic response to some stimulus is called

Accepted Answer

A)   associative learning.
B)   respondent behavior.
C)   observational learning.
D)   operant behavior.

Question 7

The stage of classical conditioning when a neutral stimulus first begins triggering a conditioned response is called

Accepted Answer

A)   association.
B)   acquisition.
C)   observational learning.
D)   generalization.

Question 8

After receiving a painful shot from a female nurse in a white uniform, 3-year-old Vaclav is fearful of any woman wearing a white dress. Vaclav's reaction best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   higher-order conditioning.
B)   generalization.
C)   acquisition.
D)   spontaneous recovery.

Question 9

Seals in an aquarium will repeat behaviors, such as slapping and barking, that prompt people to toss them a herring. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   respondent behavior.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   observational learning.
D)   operant conditioning.

Question 10

Two-year-old Philip was recently clawed by the neighbor's cat. Philip's newly developed tendency to fear all small animals demonstrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization.
B)   observational learning.
C)   spontaneous recovery.
D)   secondary reinforcement.

Question 11

An event that one of Pavlov's dogs could see or hear but did not associate with food was called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   secondary reinforcer.
B)   neutral stimulus.
C)   negative reinforcer.
D)   unconditioned stimulus.

Question 12

Which of the following provides evidence that a CR is not completely eliminated during extinction?

Accepted Answer

A)   partial reinforcement
B)   spontaneous recovery
C)   generalization
D)   discrimination

Question 13

In Pavlov's experiments on the salivary conditioning of dogs, a CR was

Accepted Answer

A)   salivation to the sound of a tone.
B)   salivation to the taste of food.
C)   the sound of a tone.
D)   the taste of food.

Question 14

By directly experiencing a thunderstorm, we learn that a flash of lightning signals an impending crash of thunder. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   observational learning.
D)   classical conditioning.

Question 15

After recovering from a serious motorcycle accident, Gina was afraid to ride a motorcycle but not a bicycle. Gina's pattern of fear best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   acquisition.
B)   conditioned reinforcement.
C)   discrimination.
D)   negative reinforcement.

Question 16

In classical conditioning, discrimination refers to the learned ability to distinguish between a ________ and other irrelevant stimuli

Accepted Answer

A)   US
B)   UR
C)   CS
D)   CR

Question 17

Male Japanese quail became sexually aroused by a red light that had previously been associated with the presentation of a female quail. In this instance, the female quail is a

Accepted Answer

A)   UR.
B)   US.
C)   CR.
D)   CS.

Question 18

In Pavlov's experiments on the salivary conditioning of dogs, the CS was

Accepted Answer

A)   the taste of food.
B)   salivation to the taste of food.
C)   the sound of a tone.
D)   salivation to the sound of a tone.

Question 19

A neural stimulus is an event or situation that

Accepted Answer

A)   evokes an unconditioned response.
B)   signals that an operant response will be reinforced.
C)   triggers a conditioned response.
D)   elicits no response prior to classical conditioning.

Question 20

Spontaneous recovery refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)   expression of learning that had occurred earlier but had not been expressed because of lack of incentive.
B)   organism's tendency to respond spontaneously to stimuli similar to the CS as though they were the CS.
C)   return of a response after punishment has been terminated.
D)   reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response.

Exam 20: A: Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning

In Pavlov's experiments on the salivary conditioning of dogs, a CR was

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An event that one of Pavlov's dogs could see or hear but did not associate with food was called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An experimenter plans to condition a dog to salivate to a light by pairing the light with food. The dog will learn to salivate to the light most quickly if the experimenter presents the light

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An automatic response to some stimulus is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two-year-old Philip was recently clawed by the neighbor's cat. Philip's newly developed tendency to fear all small animals demonstrates the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stage of classical conditioning when a neutral stimulus first begins triggering a conditioned response is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning that certain events occur together is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After receiving a painful shot from a female nurse in a white uniform, 3-year-old Vaclav is fearful of any woman wearing a white dress. Vaclav's reaction best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For the most rapid acquisition of a CR, the CS should be presented

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following provides evidence that a CR is not completely eliminated during extinction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Spontaneous recovery refers to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By directly experiencing a thunderstorm, we learn that a flash of lightning signals an impending crash of thunder. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After getting a slight burn from the spark of a flickering campfire, Julie became afraid of getting close to lighted gas stoves. This best illustrates the adaptive value of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After recovering from a serious motorcycle accident, Gina was afraid to ride a motorcycle but not a bicycle. Gina's pattern of fear best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The researcher most closely associated with the study of classical conditioning is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A neural stimulus is an event or situation that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Seals in an aquarium will repeat behaviors, such as slapping and barking, that prompt people to toss them a herring. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Pavlov's experiments on the salivary conditioning of dogs, the CS was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Male Japanese quail became sexually aroused by a red light that had previously been associated with the presentation of a female quail. In this instance, the female quail is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning, discrimination refers to the learned ability to distinguish between a ________ and other irrelevant stimuli

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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