Exam 20: Endocrine System

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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulatin...

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A) accumulation of a fat layer beneath the skin
B) pelvic girdle grows wider
C) breast development
D) egg maturation and menstrual cycle control
E) growth of hair and muscular tissue

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A) leptin-signals satiety
B) platelet-derived growth factor-increases the size of platelets
C) nerve growth factor-promotes growth of nerves
D) epidermal growth factor-stimulates growth of skin
E) granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor-helps stem cells decide on blood cell production

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A) adrenal cortex-bronzing of skin, no increase in blood glucose levels in response to stress, dehydration, and death
B) pineal gland-decrease in T cell immune function
C) parathyroid glands-drop in blood calcium level and tetany (muscles shake)
D) ovaries-alteration in menstrual cycle and change in secondary sex characteristics
E) adult thyroid-low pulse rate and body temperature and lethargy

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A) The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the small intestine.
B) The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the stomach.
C) The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the large intestine.
D) The pancreas produces insulin that is secreted into the bloodstream.
E) The pancreas produces glucagon that is taken up by the liver.

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A) stimulate the healing of wounds
B) increase the number of fibroblasts
C) increase the number of smooth muscle cells
D) increase the chances of developing a wound
E) form into different types of white blood cells

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A) posterior pituitary
B) parathyroid
C) thymus
D) pancreas
E) adrenal cortex

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A) pheromones
B) first messenger
C) second messenger
D) growth factors
E) None of the answer choices are chemical signals that communicate between two individuals of the same species.

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A) nervous system
B) digestive system
C) respiratory system
D) circulatory system
E) endocrine system

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A) to set in motion the enzyme cascade
B) convey information between two individuals of the same species
C) binds to the cell surface
D) to activate the third messenger
E) None of the answer choices are functions of the second messenger.

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A) continuous muscle contractions due to high blood calcium
B) continuous muscle contractions caused by low blood calcium
C) the random contractions of fibers in a muscle that keep a person upright
D) inability to function caused by low blood sugar due to diabetes
E) ultimate muscle fatigue where the oxygen debt exceeds all ATP available

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A) hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) → anterior pituitary (ACTH) → adrenal cortex (glucocorticoids)
B) hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) → anterior pituitary (ACTH) → adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
C) anterior pituitary (ACTH) → hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) → adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
D) adrenal cortex (glucocorticoids) → anterior pituitary (ACTH) → hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone)
E) adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine) → hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) → anterior pituitary (ACTH)

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A) acromegaly-overproduction of GH in adult
B) pituitary dwarf-too little GH produced during childhood
C) Cushing syndrome-oversecretion of ACTH due to an adrenal cortex tumor
D) diabetes-either the pancreas produces too much insulin or liver and muscle cells have too many receptors
E) goiter-thyroid is unable to produce thyroxine due to too little iodine in diet

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A) lethargy and hair loss.
B) tetany.
C) sleepiness.
D) mental retardation.
E) cretinism.

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A) melatonin
B) leptin
C) growth hormone
D) testosterone in males; estrogen in females
E) prostaglandins

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A) diabetes insipidus
B) diabetes mellitus
C) Cushing syndrome
D) Addison disease
E) myxedema

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