Question 1

Which of the following is true of Dale Schunk's findings about students with high self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are less likely than students with low self-efficacy to expend effort on learning tasks.
B)   They have an "I cannot" attitude and frequently experience helplessness.
C)   They persist longer at learning tasks than students with low self-efficacy.
D)   They avoid learning tasks, especially those that are challenging.

Question 2

Which of the following statements reflects Carol Gilligan's criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Kohlberg's theory is based on a male norm that puts abstract principles above relationships and concern for others.
B)   Kohlberg's theory sees an individual as a product of a family process and as dependent on the process to make moral decisions.
C)   Kohlberg's theory does not capture much of the moral reasoning voiced in various cultures around the world.
D)   Kohlberg's theory places too much emphasis on moral behavior and not enough emphasis on moral thought.

Question 3

Which of the following is an aspect of social-emotional learning that the Second Step program focuses on in pre-K?

Accepted Answer

A)   executive function skills
B)   problem-solving skills
C)   communication skills
D)   decision-making skills

Question 4

An aggressive boy's interpretation of an encounter as hostile and his classmates' perception of his behavior as inappropriate are examples of ________ in behavior development.

Accepted Answer

A)   stereotyping
B)   cognitive dissonance
C)   cultural bias
D)   social cognition

Question 5

Define self-efficacy. How do children with low self-efficacy for learning differ from children with high self-efficacy for learning?

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy is the belief that one can...

Question 6

How can rejected children be trained to interact more effectively with their peers?

Accepted Answer

A)   They should be kept isolated from their peers to prevent aggressive outbursts.
B)   They should be taught to more accurately assess whether the intentions of their peers are negative.
C)   They should be taught to stay away from their peers in order to prevent confrontations.
D)   They should be subjected to corporal punishment whenever they exhibit aggressive behavior toward their peers.

Question 7

One area of math in which boys are found to be better at is

Accepted Answer

A)   advanced calculus.
B)   numeracy skills.
C)   visuospatial skills.
D)   computation skills.

Question 8

Broad categories that reflect general impressions and beliefs about males and females, such as "boys play with trucks and girls play with dolls," are known as gender

Accepted Answer

A)   identities.
B)   constancies.
C)   stereotypes.
D)   roles.

Question 9

According to Albert Bandura, which of the following statements is true of self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a critical factor in whether or not students achieve.
B)   It is characterized by deliberate efforts to manage one's behavior, emotions, and thoughts.
C)   It is linked to developmental advances in the brain's prefrontal cortex.
D)   It refers to global evaluations of the self.

Question 10

In the context of children's friendships, which of the following represents the function of social comparison served by friendship?

Accepted Answer

A)   Friendship provides children with interesting information, excitement, and amusement.
B)   Friendship provides information about where a child stands vis-à-vis others and whether the child is doing okay.
C)   Friendship provides resources and assistance.
D)   Friendship provides children with a warm, close, and trusting relationship with another individual.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true of children's self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)   Children have the highest self-esteem when they perform competently in domains that are important to them.
B)   Self-esteem decreases when children face a problem and try to cope with it.
C)   Self-esteem increases when children avoid a problem.
D)   The straightforward teaching of real skills to children often results in decreased achievement and, thus, in diminished self-esteem.

Question 12

What is the term for a structured, teacher-centered approach to instruction that is oriented toward the goal of maximizing student learning time?

Accepted Answer

Direct ins...

Question 13

Anthony is rarely nominated as someone's best friend. He is actively disliked by many children in his class. In the context of peer statuses, Anthony would be classified as a(n)  ________ child.

Accepted Answer

A)   controversial
B)   rejected
C)   neglected
D)   average

Question 14

How do schools in low-income areas compare with those in high-income areas?

Accepted Answer

Compared with schools in high-income are...

Question 15

Karius, a school teacher, is an advocate of the constructivist approach to instruction. Given this information, it can be said that Karius is most likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   encourage children to work with each other in their efforts to know and understand.
B)   simply pour information into children's minds.
C)   encourage children to rotely memorize irrelevant as well as relevant information.
D)   direct and control children and also encourage them to spend maximum time on academic tasks.

Question 16

Which of the following functions of friendship involves providing interesting information, excitement, and amusement?

Accepted Answer

A)   physical support
B)   stimulation
C)   social comparison
D)   ego support

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of the consequences of low self-esteem in children?

Accepted Answer

A)   It makes children prone to both prosocial and antisocial actions.
B)   It has been implicated in overweight and obesity, anxiety, depression, suicide, and delinquency.
C)   It often translates into an arrogant, grandiose, and unwarranted sense of superiority over others.
D)   It reflects accurate perceptions of one's self that often match reality.

Question 18

An analysis of stepfamilies found that ________ percent of children in stepfamilies show adjustment problems.

Accepted Answer

A)   fifty
B)   forty
C)   twenty-five
D)   twenty

Question 19

Carol Dweck defines the cognitive view individuals develop for themselves as

Accepted Answer

A)   self-efficacy.
B)   metacognition.
C)   mindset.
D)   mind map.

Question 20

Mr. Trahan teaches English. He adopts a constructivist approach to learning. In his classroom, it is most likely that the students will be

Accepted Answer

A)   working in groups to discover the meaning of a poem.
B)   passively learning relevant information about a poem from Mr. Trahan.
C)   memorizing the names of all of Shakespeare's plays.
D)   learning aspects of a play without the guidance of Mr. Trahan.

Exam 8: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood

In the context of children's friendships, which of the following represents the function of social comparison served by friendship?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Anthony is rarely nominated as someone's best friend. He is actively disliked by many children in his class. In the context of peer statuses, Anthony would be classified as a(n) ________ child.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Karius, a school teacher, is an advocate of the constructivist approach to instruction. Given this information, it can be said that Karius is most likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An aggressive boy's interpretation of an encounter as hostile and his classmates' perception of his behavior as inappropriate are examples of ________ in behavior development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Broad categories that reflect general impressions and beliefs about males and females, such as "boys play with trucks and girls play with dolls," are known as gender

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do schools in low-income areas compare with those in high-income areas?

Correct AnswerverifiedCompared with schools in high-income are...View AnswerShow Answer

According to Albert Bandura, which of the following statements is true of self-efficacy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the term for a structured, teacher-centered approach to instruction that is oriented toward the goal of maximizing student learning time?

Correct AnswerverifiedDirect ins...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of the consequences of low self-esteem in children?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define self-efficacy. How do children with low self-efficacy for learning differ from children with high self-efficacy for learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedSelf-efficacy is the belief that one can...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is an aspect of social-emotional learning that the Second Step program focuses on in pre-K?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One area of math in which boys are found to be better at is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carol Dweck defines the cognitive view individuals develop for themselves as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An analysis of stepfamilies found that ________ percent of children in stepfamilies show adjustment problems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mr. Trahan teaches English. He adopts a constructivist approach to learning. In his classroom, it is most likely that the students will be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How can rejected children be trained to interact more effectively with their peers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements reflects Carol Gilligan's criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of children's self-esteem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of Dale Schunk's findings about students with high self-efficacy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following functions of friendship involves providing interesting information, excitement, and amusement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Compared with schools in high-income are...
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Direct ins...
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Self-efficacy is the belief that one can...
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