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The ego-ideal consists of


A) goals that the ego strives to reach.
B) good or correct behaviors children learn from their parents.
C) the reality principle and its strivings for the ideal ego.
D) ideals and principles the ego has rejected.

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According to Freud, the preconscious resides within


A) the id.
B) the ego.
C) the superego.
D) both the id and the superego.

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Freud used the case study method for his research. This type of research is based on


A) a small and restricted sample of those he studied.
B) the dreams and fantasies of his clients.
C) the conscious and the unconscious memories of those he studied.
D) All the answers

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The ego is the reservoir for the libido and instincts.

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Explain the technique of free association and how this technique might be used by Freud when dealing with repressed memories.

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Free association allows the therapist to...

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According to Heinz Kohut, an infant's primary selfobject is typically the


A) child
B) mother
C) friends of the child
D) grandparents of the child

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The pleasure principal operates and functions primarily as a part of the id.

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One problem with Freud's published case histories is that they


A) simply repeat the notes he took during sessions with patients.
B) are based primarily on statements made under hypnosis.
C) sometimes differ from the notes he made after each session with a patient.
D) are based primarily on dream analysis.

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According to Melanie Klein, in object relations theory


A) a baby views their world through spatial relationships.
B) a baby views their world from a confused state of mind.
C) a baby sees their world as either satisfying or hostile (when satisfaction is denied) .
D) a baby views their world based on physical development and maturation.

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Research suggests that the influence of the unconscious is


A) stronger among neurotics than typical people.
B) substantial.
C) delayed until adolescence.
D) negligible.

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Freud's major research method was the case study.

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According to Freud, __________ are internal stimuli.


A) fantasies
B) moral beliefs
C) defense mechanisms
D) instincts

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The ___________ is the root of psychic energy.


A) libido
B) cathexis
C) instinct
D) aggressive drive

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Instincts, according to Freud, include hunger and thirst.

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With regard to the scientific validity of his system, Freud believed that


A) only psychoanalysts were qualified to judge its validity.
B) science is not an appropriate method for investigating the mind.
C) only an experimental investigation of dreams would confirm the truths of psychoanalysis.
D) psychology could never be a science.

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According to Freud, the motivating force in life is driven by


A) the Oedipus Complex.
B) our instincts.
C) our health.
D) our won behaviors.

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Object-Relations Theory


A) totally rejects Freud's theory.
B) evolved from Jung's theory, but not Freud's theory.
C) evolved from Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
D) is based on the concept of the libido.

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According to Freud, there is a(n) _____ instinct and a(n) ______ instinct in all of us.


A) mood/inhibition
B) ego/id
C) death/life
D) avoidant/passive

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Object relations theories suggest that the core of personality is formed in


A) early childhood
B) late childhood
C) early adolescence
D) infancy

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Considerable research on the unconscious


A) fails to verify its existence.
B) reveals no connection to subliminal perception.
C) supports the idea that much cognitive activity is influenced by the unconscious.
D) It is impossible to conduct research on the unconscious.

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