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The functional unit of skeletal muscle is a(n) ____________________.

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Match the skeletal muscle proteins, labelled a. through f., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.actin only b.myosin only c.actin and myosin d.troponin-tropomyosin complex e.actin, troponin, and tropomyosin f.actin, myosin, troponin, and tropomyosin -found in thin filament

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Match the muscle fibre types, labelled a. through c., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.slow-oxidative fibre b.fast-oxidative fibre c.fast-glycolytic fibre -most readily fatigues

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Match the types of muscles, labelled a. through g., with the properties in question. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.skeletal muscle only b.single-unit smooth muscle only c.cardiac muscle only d.skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle e.skeletal muscle and single-unit smooth muscle f.single-unit smooth muscle and cardiac muscle g.skeletal, single-unit smooth, and cardiac muscles -innervated by the autonomic nervous system

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____________________ refers to paralysis of the legs resulting from lower spinal cord injury.

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Which of these substances is required for contraction of smooth muscle fibres?


A) sodium ions
B) calmodulin
C) potassium ions
D) myosin

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Why must the oxygen debt be "paid off" following rigorous muscular activity?


A) Creatine phosphate must be regenerated.
B) Lactic acid must be repleted.
C) Glycogen stores must be depleted.
D) Creatine phosphate must be depleted.

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Muscles developing tension while lengthening are performing what type of contractions?


A) concentric
B) eccentric
C) isometric
D) fatiguing

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Fatigue is the failure of a muscle fibre to maintain which of the following as a result of previous contractile activity?


A) excitability
B) muscle mass
C) tension
D) sarcomere number

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Which of these conditions occurs as the result of a lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft?


A) decreased acetylcholine production by the motor neuron
B) relaxation of the muscle fibre
C) excessive, continuous stimulation of the muscle fibre
D) inability of the motor neuron to stimulate the muscle fibre

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Match the types of muscles, labelled a. through g., with the properties in question. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.skeletal muscle only b.single-unit smooth muscle only c.cardiac muscle only d.skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle e.skeletal muscle and single-unit smooth muscle f.single-unit smooth muscle and cardiac muscle g.skeletal, single-unit smooth, and cardiac muscles -Match the muscle term with the correct characteristic by using the answer codes a. through e. ____ creatine phosphate ____ myoglobin ____ glycogen ____ lactic acid ____ glucose a. a storage form of glucose used in muscle cells requiring rapid energy release b. a molecule that can quickly, but temporarily, make ATP c. an oxygen-storing protein that makes muscle tissue appear red d. a fuel molecule for cell respiration or fermentation e. fermentation product when our cells become anaerobic

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Match the types of muscles, labelled a. and b., with the characteristics. a.isometric contraction b.isotonic contraction -does not accomplish any work

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Myosin is considered to be a regulatory protein because it plays an important role in the regulation of muscle contraction.

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Fast-oxidative muscle fibres have a high concentration of mitochondria.

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Which of these statements correctly describes myoglobin?


A) It can store small amounts of CO2.
B) It increases the rate of O2 transfer from blood into muscle fibres.
C) It is abundant in fast glycolytic fibres.
D) It is abundant in slow red fibres.

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Binding of which substance to myosin permits cross bridge of which action between actin and myosin?


A) Binding ATP will bind actin and myosin.
B) Binding ATP will detach actin and myosin.
C) Binding calcium will bind actin and myosin.
D) Binding calcium will detach actin and myosin.

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A(n) ____________________ is a motor neuron and all the muscle fibres it recruits.

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Which one of the following is the function of tropomyosin?


A) to bind Ca2+
B) to form attachments with myosin cross bridges
C) to serve as an ATPase
D) to prevent myosin cross bridges from attaching to thin filaments

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The strength and rate of contraction of the heart can be influenced by the autonomic nervous system.

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Which of these statements correctly describes contraction in skeletal and smooth muscle?


A) In skeletal muscle, calcium ion mediates changes in thin filaments that lead to cross-bridge activity; in smooth muscle, calcium ion mediates changes in thick filaments that lead to cross-bridge activity.
B) In skeletal muscle, troponin and tropomyosin are regulatory proteins; in smooth muscle, troponin is the only regulatory protein on thick filaments.
C) In skeletal muscle, calcium ion binds to troponin; in smooth muscle, calcium ion binds to calmodulin.
D) In skeletal muscle, calcium ion binds to calmodulin; in smooth muscle, calcium ion binds to troponin.

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