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A track is the smallest unit of data transfer in a hard disk drive.

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Which of the following is TRUE about managing defective blocks?


A) Defective blocks can be handled by OS by ensuring that the file system doesn't allocate those blocks.
B) Low level formatting can set aside spare sectors not visible to the operating system.
C) Controllers can be instructed to replace a bad block by moving all sectors following the defective sector one sector forward until a spare sector is reached.
D) All of the above.

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If a few bits in an HDD sector or NVM page are corrupted, the controller can recover the correct values using ECC only if


A) the bit corruption is limited to the data portion of the sector/page.
B) the bit corruption hasn't occurred in the ECC of the sector/page.
C) the bit corruption hasn't occurred in the ECC or the header of the sector/page.
D) number of bits corrupted is low irrespective of where the corruption occurs in the sector/page.

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Describe how Solaris ZFS file system uses checksums to maintain the integrity of data.

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ZFS maintains checksums of all...

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Describe an approach for managing bad blocks.

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One approach to managing bad blocks is s...

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Solid state disks (SSDs) commonly use the FCFS disk scheduling algorithm.

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A hard disk drive has 16 platters, 8192 cylinders, and 256 4KB sectors per track. The storage capacity of this disk drive is at most


A) 128 TB.
B) 32 TB.
C) 32 GB.
D) 128 GB.

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What is the advantage of C-SCAN over SCAN disk head scheduling?

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The C-SCAN algorithm is a variant of SCA...

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Difference between sector sparing and sector slipping is


A) sector sparing uses spare sectors while sector slipping does not.
B) sector sparing results in copying of a single sector while sector slipping may result in copying of multiple sectors.
C) sector sparing can help recover from hard errors while sector slipping cannot.
D) sector slipping can help recover from hard errors while sector sparing cannot.

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What are the factors influencing the selection of a disk-scheduling algorithm?

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Performance of a scheduling algorithm de...

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Compared to USB, NVMe provides


A) both higher throughput and lower latency.
B) higher throughput, but higher latency.
C) lower latency, but lower throughput.
D) neither higher throughput and lower latency.

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Which of the following is TRUE about NAS and Cloud storage?


A) Cloud storage is accessed like a file system while NAS is API based.
B) In an event of temporary network disconnection, an application using NAS will typically hang while an application using cloud storage will typically pause.
C) Cloud storage is typically accessed over a LAN while NAS is accessed over a WAN.
D) All of the above.

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What is a disadvantage of the FCFS scheduling algorithm?

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FCFS can cause the disk head to move wil...

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The SCAN scheduling algorithm ____.


A) services the request with the minimum seek time
B) services the request next to the current head position in the direction of the head movement
C) chooses to service the request furthest from the current head position
D) services the request next to the current head position in the opposite direction of the head movement

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In Solaris, swap space is only used as a backing store for pages of anonymous memory.

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What is constant angular velocity in relation to disk drives?

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If the rotation speed of a disk is to re...

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Consider a disk queue holding requests to the following cylinders in the listed order: 210, 67, 11, 99, 87, 90, 19, 150. Using the C-SCAN scheduling algorithm, what is the order that the requests are serviced, assuming the disk head is at cylinder 88 and moving upward through the cylinders?


A) 87 - 90 - 99 - 67 - 19 - 11 - 150 - 210
B) 210 - 67 - 11 - 99 - 87 - 90 - 19 - 150
C) 90 - 99 - 150 - 210 - 11 - 19 - 67 - 87
D) 90 - 99 - 150 - 210 - 87 - 67 - 19 - 11

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Which of the following statement about device formatting is FALSE?


A) Device manufacturers store the initial file-system data structures in the device.
B) Operating system can create multiple partitions with in a single device.
C) Volume creation is implicit when a file system is placed directly within a partition.
D) Not every partition contains a copy of the operating systems.

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A Flash Translation Layer


A) translates user data to a format that can be written on the NVM.
B) tracks which physical block contains the most number of consecutive invalid pages.
C) tracks which physical block contains only valid pages.
D) tracks which physical block contains only invalid pages.

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To further optimize I/O performance, some SSD schedulers


A) merge adjacent read requests but not adjacent write requests.
B) merge adjacent write requests but not adjacent read requests.
C) merge all adjacent I/O requests.
D) do not merge requests at all.

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