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The following reaction occurred when a 1.0-liter reaction vessel was initially charged with 2.0 moles of N2(g) and 4.0 moles of H2(g) : 3H2(g) + N2(g) The following reaction occurred when a 1.0-liter reaction vessel was initially charged with 2.0 moles of N<sub>2</sub>(g) and 4.0 moles of H<sub>2</sub>(g) : 3H<sub>2</sub>(g) + N<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NH<sub>3</sub>(g)  Once equilibrium was established,the concentration of NH<sub>3</sub>(g) was determined to be 0.57 M at 700.°C.The value for K<sub>c</sub> at 700.°C for the formation of ammonia is: A)  3.2 × 10<sup>-1</sup> B)  6.1 × 10<sup>-3</sup> C)  1.1 × 10<sup>-1</sup> D)  6.0 × 10<sup>-2</sup> E)  none of these 2NH3(g) Once equilibrium was established,the concentration of NH3(g) was determined to be 0.57 M at 700.°C.The value for Kc at 700.°C for the formation of ammonia is:


A) 3.2 × 10-1
B) 6.1 × 10-3
C) 1.1 × 10-1
D) 6.0 × 10-2
E) none of these

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Consider the formation of ozone by the following reaction. 3 O2(g) Consider the formation of ozone by the following reaction. 3 O<sub>2</sub>(g)    2 O<sub>3</sub>(g)  Calculate the value of K<sub>p</sub>,given that K<sub>c</sub> = 2.5 × 10<sup>-29</sup> at 298 K.(R = 0.08206 L⋅atm/mol ⋅ K)  A)  1.0 × 10<sup>-30</sup> B)  2.1 × 10<sup>-30</sup> C)  2.5 × 10<sup>-29</sup> D)  3.3 × 10<sup>-28</sup> E)  6.1 ×10<sup>-28</sup> 2 O3(g) Calculate the value of Kp,given that Kc = 2.5 × 10-29 at 298 K.(R = 0.08206 L⋅atm/mol ⋅ K)


A) 1.0 × 10-30
B) 2.1 × 10-30
C) 2.5 × 10-29
D) 3.3 × 10-28
E) 6.1 ×10-28

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What is the Kc expression for the equilibrium given below? CuI(s) What is the K<sub>c</sub> expression for the equilibrium given below? CuI(s)    Cu<sup>+</sup>(aq) + I−(aq)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)   Cu+(aq) + I−(aq)


A) What is the K<sub>c</sub> expression for the equilibrium given below? CuI(s)    Cu<sup>+</sup>(aq) + I−(aq)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
B) What is the K<sub>c</sub> expression for the equilibrium given below? CuI(s)    Cu<sup>+</sup>(aq) + I−(aq)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
C) What is the K<sub>c</sub> expression for the equilibrium given below? CuI(s)    Cu<sup>+</sup>(aq) + I−(aq)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
D) What is the K<sub>c</sub> expression for the equilibrium given below? CuI(s)    Cu<sup>+</sup>(aq) + I−(aq)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
E) What is the K<sub>c</sub> expression for the equilibrium given below? CuI(s)    Cu<sup>+</sup>(aq) + I−(aq)  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)

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At 25 °C,0.138 mg AgBr dissolves in 10.0 L of water.What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction below? AgBr(s) At 25 °C,0.138 mg AgBr dissolves in 10.0 L of water.What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction below? AgBr(s)    Ag<sup>+</sup>(aq) + Br<sup>-</sup>(aq)  A)  5.40 × 10<sup>-13</sup> B)  5.40 × 10<sup>-11</sup> C)  1.90 × 10<sup>-8</sup> D)  7.35 × 10<sup>-7</sup> E)  1.90 × 10<sup>-6</sup> Ag+(aq) + Br-(aq)


A) 5.40 × 10-13
B) 5.40 × 10-11
C) 1.90 × 10-8
D) 7.35 × 10-7
E) 1.90 × 10-6

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Write the expression for Kp for the reaction below. 2 NOBr(g) Write the expression for K<sub>p</sub> for the reaction below. 2 NOBr(g)    2 NO(g) + Br<sub>2</sub>(   )  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)   2 NO(g) + Br2( Write the expression for K<sub>p</sub> for the reaction below. 2 NOBr(g)    2 NO(g) + Br<sub>2</sub>(   )  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)   )


A) Write the expression for K<sub>p</sub> for the reaction below. 2 NOBr(g)    2 NO(g) + Br<sub>2</sub>(   )  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
B) Write the expression for K<sub>p</sub> for the reaction below. 2 NOBr(g)    2 NO(g) + Br<sub>2</sub>(   )  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
C) Write the expression for K<sub>p</sub> for the reaction below. 2 NOBr(g)    2 NO(g) + Br<sub>2</sub>(   )  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
D) Write the expression for K<sub>p</sub> for the reaction below. 2 NOBr(g)    2 NO(g) + Br<sub>2</sub>(   )  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
E) Write the expression for K<sub>p</sub> for the reaction below. 2 NOBr(g)    2 NO(g) + Br<sub>2</sub>(   )  A)    B)    C)    D)    E)

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For the equilibrium N2O4(g) For the equilibrium N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(g)    2NO<sub>2</sub>(g) ,at 298 K,K<sub>p</sub> = 0.15.For this reaction system,it is found that the partial pressure of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> is 3.7 × 10<sup>-2</sup> atm at equilibrium.What is the partial pressure of NO<sub>2</sub> at equilibrium? A)  4.9 atm B)  24 atm C)  0.0016 atm D)  0.0055 atm E)  0.074 atm 2NO2(g) ,at 298 K,Kp = 0.15.For this reaction system,it is found that the partial pressure of N2O4 is 3.7 × 10-2 atm at equilibrium.What is the partial pressure of NO2 at equilibrium?


A) 4.9 atm
B) 24 atm
C) 0.0016 atm
D) 0.0055 atm
E) 0.074 atm

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A sample of solid NH4NO3 was placed in an evacuated container and then heated so that it decomposed explosively according to the following equation: NH4NO3(s) A sample of solid NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> was placed in an evacuated container and then heated so that it decomposed explosively according to the following equation: NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>(s)    N<sub>2</sub>O(g) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(g)  At equilibrium the total pressure in the container was found to be 2.72 atm at a temperature of 500.°C.Calculate K<sub>p</sub>. A)  1.64 B)  0.822 C)  2.98 D)  80.5 E)  0.745 N2O(g) + 2H2O(g) At equilibrium the total pressure in the container was found to be 2.72 atm at a temperature of 500.°C.Calculate Kp.


A) 1.64
B) 0.822
C) 2.98
D) 80.5
E) 0.745

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Assume that the following chemical reaction is at equilibrium. 2 ICl(g) Assume that the following chemical reaction is at equilibrium. 2 ICl(g)    I<sub>2</sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)  ΔH° = +26.9 kJ At 25 °C,K<sub>p</sub> = 2.0 × 10<sup>5</sup>.If the temperature is increase to 45 °C,which statement applies? A)  K<sub>p</sub> will decrease and the reaction will proceed in the backward direction. B)  K<sub>p</sub> will decrease and the reaction will proceed in the forward direction. C)  K<sub>p</sub> will remain unchanged and the reaction will proceed in the forward direction. D)  K<sub>p</sub> will increase and the reaction will proceed in the backward direction. E)  K<sub>p</sub> will increase and the reaction will proceed in the forward direction. I2(g) + Cl2(g) ΔH° = +26.9 kJ At 25 °C,Kp = 2.0 × 105.If the temperature is increase to 45 °C,which statement applies?


A) Kp will decrease and the reaction will proceed in the backward direction.
B) Kp will decrease and the reaction will proceed in the forward direction.
C) Kp will remain unchanged and the reaction will proceed in the forward direction.
D) Kp will increase and the reaction will proceed in the backward direction.
E) Kp will increase and the reaction will proceed in the forward direction.

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Consider the reaction below. 2 HF(g) Consider the reaction below. 2 HF(g)    H<sub>2</sub>(g) + F<sub>2</sub>(g) (K<sub>c</sub> = 1.00 × 10<sup>-2</sup>)  Given that 1.00 mol of HF(g) ,0.241 mol of H<sub>2</sub>(g) ,and 0.750 mol of F<sub>2</sub>(g) are mixed in a 5.00 L flask,determine the reaction quotient,Q. A)  Q = 0.0452 B)  Q = 0.181 C)  Q = 0.0362 D)  Q = 1.99 E)  None of these H2(g) + F2(g) (Kc = 1.00 × 10-2) Given that 1.00 mol of HF(g) ,0.241 mol of H2(g) ,and 0.750 mol of F2(g) are mixed in a 5.00 L flask,determine the reaction quotient,Q.


A) Q = 0.0452
B) Q = 0.181
C) Q = 0.0362
D) Q = 1.99
E) None of these

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Consider the following equilibrium: CO2(g) + H2(g) Consider the following equilibrium: CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>(g)    CO(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g) ; K<sub>c</sub> = 1.6 at 1260 K Suppose 0.019 mol CO<sub>2</sub> and 0.030 mol H<sub>2</sub> are placed in a 3.00-L vessel at 1260 K.What is the equilibrium partial pressure of CO(g) ? (R = 0.0821 L · atm/K·mol)  A)  4 atm B)  0.35 atm C)  1.6 atm D)  0.66 atm E)  1 atm CO(g) + H2O(g) ; Kc = 1.6 at 1260 K Suppose 0.019 mol CO2 and 0.030 mol H2 are placed in a 3.00-L vessel at 1260 K.What is the equilibrium partial pressure of CO(g) ? (R = 0.0821 L · atm/K·mol)


A) 4 atm
B) 0.35 atm
C) 1.6 atm
D) 0.66 atm
E) 1 atm

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Consider the following equilibrium. PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) Consider the following equilibrium. PCl<sub>3</sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)    PCl<sub>5</sub>(g)  ΔH = -92 kJ The concentration of PCl<sub>3</sub> at equilibrium can be increased by: A)  decreasing the temperature. B)  adding Cl<sub>2</sub> to the system. C)  adding PCl<sub>5</sub> to the system. D)  increasing the pressure. E)  adding a catalyst. PCl5(g) ΔH = -92 kJ The concentration of PCl3 at equilibrium can be increased by:


A) decreasing the temperature.
B) adding Cl2 to the system.
C) adding PCl5 to the system.
D) increasing the pressure.
E) adding a catalyst.

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When gaseous carbon monoxide and hydrogen are combined in a sealed vessel and heated they will eventually form an equilibrium mixture of reactants and products according to the balanced chemical equilibrium below. CO(g) + 3H2(g) When gaseous carbon monoxide and hydrogen are combined in a sealed vessel and heated they will eventually form an equilibrium mixture of reactants and products according to the balanced chemical equilibrium below. CO(g) + 3H<sub>2</sub>(g)    CH<sub>4</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g)  In one such reaction 3 moles of one reactant were combined with 1 mole of the other reactant in a fixed volume vessel and heated to 1200 K.Analysis of the reaction mixture at various times gave the results below.Which component of the reaction mixture is represented by curve B?   A)  hydrogen B)  carbon monoxide C)  either methane or water D)  either hydrogen or carbon monoxide E)  not enough information to decide CH4(g) + H2O(g) In one such reaction 3 moles of one reactant were combined with 1 mole of the other reactant in a fixed volume vessel and heated to 1200 K.Analysis of the reaction mixture at various times gave the results below.Which component of the reaction mixture is represented by curve B? When gaseous carbon monoxide and hydrogen are combined in a sealed vessel and heated they will eventually form an equilibrium mixture of reactants and products according to the balanced chemical equilibrium below. CO(g) + 3H<sub>2</sub>(g)    CH<sub>4</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g)  In one such reaction 3 moles of one reactant were combined with 1 mole of the other reactant in a fixed volume vessel and heated to 1200 K.Analysis of the reaction mixture at various times gave the results below.Which component of the reaction mixture is represented by curve B?   A)  hydrogen B)  carbon monoxide C)  either methane or water D)  either hydrogen or carbon monoxide E)  not enough information to decide


A) hydrogen
B) carbon monoxide
C) either methane or water
D) either hydrogen or carbon monoxide
E) not enough information to decide

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Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the equilibrium constant expression given below? Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the equilibrium constant expression given below?   A)  PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq)    Pb(s) + F<sub>2</sub>(aq)  B)  PbF<sub>2</sub>(s)    Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2 F<sup>-</sup>(aq)  C)  Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2 F<sup>-</sup>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(s)  D)  Pb(s) + F<sub>2</sub>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq)  E)  PbF<sup>+</sup>(aq) + F<sup>-</sup>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq)


A) PbF2(aq) Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the equilibrium constant expression given below?   A)  PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq)    Pb(s) + F<sub>2</sub>(aq)  B)  PbF<sub>2</sub>(s)    Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2 F<sup>-</sup>(aq)  C)  Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2 F<sup>-</sup>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(s)  D)  Pb(s) + F<sub>2</sub>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq)  E)  PbF<sup>+</sup>(aq) + F<sup>-</sup>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq) Pb(s) + F2(aq)
B) PbF2(s) Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the equilibrium constant expression given below?   A)  PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq)    Pb(s) + F<sub>2</sub>(aq)  B)  PbF<sub>2</sub>(s)    Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2 F<sup>-</sup>(aq)  C)  Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2 F<sup>-</sup>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(s)  D)  Pb(s) + F<sub>2</sub>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq)  E)  PbF<sup>+</sup>(aq) + F<sup>-</sup>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq) Pb2+(aq) + 2 F-(aq)
C) Pb2+(aq) + 2 F-(aq) Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the equilibrium constant expression given below?   A)  PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq)    Pb(s) + F<sub>2</sub>(aq)  B)  PbF<sub>2</sub>(s)    Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2 F<sup>-</sup>(aq)  C)  Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2 F<sup>-</sup>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(s)  D)  Pb(s) + F<sub>2</sub>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq)  E)  PbF<sup>+</sup>(aq) + F<sup>-</sup>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq) PbF2(s)
D) Pb(s) + F2(aq) Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the equilibrium constant expression given below?   A)  PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq)    Pb(s) + F<sub>2</sub>(aq)  B)  PbF<sub>2</sub>(s)    Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2 F<sup>-</sup>(aq)  C)  Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2 F<sup>-</sup>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(s)  D)  Pb(s) + F<sub>2</sub>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq)  E)  PbF<sup>+</sup>(aq) + F<sup>-</sup>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq) PbF2(aq)
E) PbF+(aq) + F-(aq) Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the equilibrium constant expression given below?   A)  PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq)    Pb(s) + F<sub>2</sub>(aq)  B)  PbF<sub>2</sub>(s)    Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2 F<sup>-</sup>(aq)  C)  Pb<sup>2+</sup>(aq) + 2 F<sup>-</sup>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(s)  D)  Pb(s) + F<sub>2</sub>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq)  E)  PbF<sup>+</sup>(aq) + F<sup>-</sup>(aq)    PbF<sub>2</sub>(aq) PbF2(aq)

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Excess Ag2SO4(s) is placed in water at 25 °C.At equilibrium,the solution contains 0.029 M Ag+(aq) .What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction below? Ag2SO4(s) Excess Ag<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>(s) is placed in water at 25 °C.At equilibrium,the solution contains 0.029 M Ag<sup>+</sup>(aq) .What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction below? Ag<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>(s)    2 Ag<sup>+</sup>(aq) + SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>(aq)  A)  1.8 × 10<sup>-7</sup> B)  6.1 × 10<sup>-6</sup> C)  1.2 × 10<sup>-5</sup> D)  2.4 × 10<sup>-5</sup> E)  8.4 × 10<sup>-4</sup> 2 Ag+(aq) + SO42-(aq)


A) 1.8 × 10-7
B) 6.1 × 10-6
C) 1.2 × 10-5
D) 2.4 × 10-5
E) 8.4 × 10-4

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Which of the following statements is true if reaction quotient (Q) is greater than equilibrium constant (K) ?


A) Reactant concentrations will increase.
B) Product concentrations will increase.
C) Reactants will convert to products.
D) Standard enthalpy of formation of products decreases.
E) Standard enthalpy of formation of reactants increases.

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The standard enthalpy of formation of ammonia is -46.1 kJ/mol. 1/2 N2(g)+ 3/2 H2(g) The standard enthalpy of formation of ammonia is -46.1 kJ/mol. 1/2 N<sub>2</sub>(g)+ 3/2 H<sub>2</sub>(g)   NH<sub>3</sub>(g) Commercially,the reaction is carried out at high temperatures.Using your knowledge of kinetics and equilibrium,explain an advantage and a disadvantage of synthesizing ammonia at high temperatures. NH3(g) Commercially,the reaction is carried out at high temperatures.Using your knowledge of kinetics and equilibrium,explain an advantage and a disadvantage of synthesizing ammonia at high temperatures.

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The rate of formation of ammonia is negl...

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For the reaction 2NO(g) + O2(g) For the reaction 2NO(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NO<sub>2</sub>(g) at 750°C,what is the relationship between K<sub>c</sub> and K<sub>p</sub>? A)  K<sub>c</sub> = K<sub>p</sub> B)  K<sub>c</sub> = K<sub>p</sub> × (RT) <sup>-1</sup> C)  K<sub>c</sub> = K<sub>p</sub> = 1.0 D)  K<sub>c</sub> = K<sub>p</sub> × (RT) <sup>¾</sup> E)  K<sub>c</sub> = K<sub>p</sub> × (RT) <sup>1</sup> 2NO2(g) at 750°C,what is the relationship between Kc and Kp?


A) Kc = Kp
B) Kc = Kp × (RT) -1
C) Kc = Kp = 1.0
D) Kc = Kp × (RT) ¾
E) Kc = Kp × (RT) 1

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