Question 1

Offenders may react selectively to the characteristics of particular offenses.For instance,the decision to commit a burglary may involve evaluating the target's likely cash yield and the presence of dogs and escape routes.This crime would then be considered:

Accepted Answer

A)  offense specific
B)  offender specific
C)  target specific
D)  risk specific

Question 2

When efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another and when crime control efforts in one locale reduce crime in other non-target areas,this is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction
B)  diffusion of benefits
C)  crackdowns effects
D)  discouragement benefits

Question 3

Despite efforts to punish criminals and make them fear crime,there is little evidence that the fear of apprehension and punishment alone can reduce crime rates.How can this discrepancy be explained?

Accepted Answer

-Rationality: Deterrence theory assumes ...

Question 4

If a crime is offense-specific,offenders have weighed their abilities,resources,needs,and levels of fear.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

__________ is the philosophy of justice that asserts that those who violate the rights of others deserve to be punished.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is the philosophy of justice that...

Question 6

Criminologists argue that "three strikes and you're out" policies will not work for various reasons.Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most three-time losers are on the verge of aging out anyway.
B)  Current sentences for violent crimes are already severe.
C)  There would be racial disparity in sentencing.
D)  The expansion of the prison population will stabilize costs.

Question 7

According to rational choice theory,why might a criminal decide not to commit crime?

Accepted Answer

A)  The criminal has developed a conscience as he/she matured.
B)  The criminal has legitimate means to achieve financial success and does not need to commit crime.
C)  The criminal perceives the crime is too risky.
D)  The criminal has learned that crime is only one of many solutions to their personal problems.

Question 8

Crime persists because most offenders believe all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is only a small chance they will be arrested for committing a crime.
B)  Police officers are sometimes reluctant to arrest even when aware of crime.
C)  Even if apprehended there is a good chance of receiving a lenient punishment.
D)  They face punishment soon after their apprehension.

Question 9

Discuss the concept of situational crime prevention and its elements to explain how crime can be prevented or eliminated.

Accepted Answer

-Crime prevention can be achieved by red...

Question 10

Discouragement occurs when crime reduction programs may boomerang and increase rather than decrease the potentiality for crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The seductions of crime increase the likelihood of engaging in crime due to neither fearing legal punishment nor losing respect of peers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

"Crackdowns" are sudden changes in police activity designed to lower crime rates through an increase in the communicated threat or actual certainty of punishment.How effective are crackdowns?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crackdowns are effective when coupled with problem-solving and community- improvement techniques.
B)  Crackdowns can reduce the incidence of drug dealing but only if media attention is focused on the effort.
C)  Crackdowns initially deter crime but the effect soon wears off after the high intensity police activity ends.
D)  Crackdowns are effective when coupled with problem-solving and community- improvement techniques;crackdowns initially deter crime but the effect soon wears off after the high intensity police activity ends.

Question 13

__________ occur when significant others,such as parents,peer,neighbors,and teachers,direct their disapproval toward the offender.

Accepted Answer

A)  Informal sanctions
B)  Symbolic sanctions
C)  Delayed sanctions
D)  Reactive sanctions

Question 14

The theory of specific deterrence suggests that the harsher the punishment,the less likely the chances of recidivism.Is this so?

Accepted Answer

A)  The majority of offenders are not deterred and reoffend.
B)  The majority of offenders are deterred and do not reoffend.
C)  This is so but only for first time juvenile offenders.
D)  This is so but only for first time adult offenders.

Question 15

Rational choice theory is rooted in the classical school of criminology developed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  James Q.Wilson
B)  Cesare Beccaria
C)  Jeremy Bentham
D)  Andrew Von Hirsch

Question 16

This occurs when crime control efforts targeting a particular locale help reduce crime in surrounding areas and populations.

Accepted Answer

A)  desistance
B)  diffusion
C)  discouragement
D)  extinction

Question 17

The Kansas City,Missouri police department's study of patrol effectiveness,convinced criminologists that:

Accepted Answer

A)  The mere presence of patrol officers on the street did not have a deterrent effect.
B)  Doubling the amount of patrol officers on the street had a deterrent effect.
C)  The mere presence of patrol officers on the street had a deterrent effect but only in high crime neighborhoods.
D)  Decreasing the amount of patrol officers on the street increased crime.

Question 18

How have rational choice theory and Von Hirsch's concept of just desert impacted public policy?

Accepted Answer

-Rational choice theory holds that that ...

Question 19

Differentiate between offense-specific crimes and offender-specific crimes.Incorporate examples of each in your discussion.

Accepted Answer

-That a crime is offense-specific means ...

Question 20

Discuss the origin of rational choice theory and its basic assumptions.

Accepted Answer

-During the early Middle Ages,superstiti...

Exam 4: Rational Choice Theory

This occurs when crime control efforts targeting a particular locale help reduce crime in surrounding areas and populations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Despite efforts to punish criminals and make them fear crime,there is little evidence that the fear of apprehension and punishment alone can reduce crime rates.How can this discrepancy be explained?

Correct Answerverified-Rationality: Deterrence theory assumes ...View AnswerShow Answer

Discouragement occurs when crime reduction programs may boomerang and increase rather than decrease the potentiality for crime.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Differentiate between offense-specific crimes and offender-specific crimes.Incorporate examples of each in your discussion.

Correct Answerverified-That a crime is offense-specific means ...View AnswerShow Answer

The theory of specific deterrence suggests that the harsher the punishment,the less likely the chances of recidivism.Is this so?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Crime persists because most offenders believe all but which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the origin of rational choice theory and its basic assumptions.

Correct Answerverified-During the early Middle Ages,superstiti...View AnswerShow Answer

Criminologists argue that "three strikes and you're out" policies will not work for various reasons.Which statement is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to rational choice theory,why might a criminal decide not to commit crime?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How have rational choice theory and Von Hirsch's concept of just desert impacted public policy?

Correct Answerverified-Rational choice theory holds that that ...View AnswerShow Answer

The seductions of crime increase the likelihood of engaging in crime due to neither fearing legal punishment nor losing respect of peers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a crime is offense-specific,offenders have weighed their abilities,resources,needs,and levels of fear.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another and when crime control efforts in one locale reduce crime in other non-target areas,this is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ is the philosophy of justice that asserts that those who violate the rights of others deserve to be punished.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Kansas City,Missouri police department's study of patrol effectiveness,convinced criminologists that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rational choice theory is rooted in the classical school of criminology developed by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Offenders may react selectively to the characteristics of particular offenses.For instance,the decision to commit a burglary may involve evaluating the target's likely cash yield and the presence of dogs and escape routes.This crime would then be considered:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Crackdowns" are sudden changes in police activity designed to lower crime rates through an increase in the communicated threat or actual certainty of punishment.How effective are crackdowns?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the concept of situational crime prevention and its elements to explain how crime can be prevented or eliminated.

Correct Answerverified-Crime prevention can be achieved by red...View AnswerShow Answer

__________ occur when significant others,such as parents,peer,neighbors,and teachers,direct their disapproval toward the offender.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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-Rationality: Deterrence theory assumes ...
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-That a crime is offense-specific means ...
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-During the early Middle Ages,superstiti...
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Correct Answer
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-Rational choice theory holds that that ...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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-Crime prevention can be achieved by red...
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Correct Answer
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