Exam 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

A) an implicit memory system
B) acquiring mnemonic strategies
C) object permanence
D) a clear self-image

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A) vocalizations during games
B) sleep patterns
C) social interaction skills
D) use of natural sign language

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A) Benny will not be able to retrieve the shrunken object from behind the door on the front of the machine.
B) Benny will not be able to recall the "shrinking" event a day later when shown photos.
C) Benny will not be able to translate his nonverbal memory for the game into language six months to one year later.
D) Benny will be able to translate his nonverbal memory for the game into language six months to one year later.

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A) babble
B) coo
C) form word-gesture combinations
D) participate in give-and-take interactions

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A) children temporarily regress to a previous stage of cognitive development.
B) less effective schemes are produced.
C) children adapt more than they organize.
D) more effective schemes are produced.

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A) the central executive.
B) working memory.
C) the sensory register.
D) long-term memory.

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A) take place internally.
B) occur around age 2.
C) are sensorimotor action patterns.
D) are intentional or goal-directed.

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A) transitive inference
B) the dynamic systems approach
C) the zone of proximal development
D) scaffolding

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A) cannot compensate for the negative effects of a stressed,poverty-stricken home life.
B) can reduce the negative impact of a stressed,poverty-stricken home life.
C) is the norm in the United States.
D) is primarily available to low-SES families with young children.

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A) their attraction to novelty is poor.
B) they cannot shift their attention from one interesting stimulus to another.
C) their gross-motor skills are not yet well-developed.
D) they have no interest in novel or eye-catching events.

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A) object permanence
B) deferred imitation
C) rational imitation
D) analogical problem solving

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A) is steady throughout early childhood.
B) favors assimilation.
C) favors accommodation.
D) varies over time.

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A) Hannah must coordinate two schemes to retrieve the object: "pushing" aside the blanket and "grasping" the stuffed sheep.
B) Deliberately retrieving the stuffed toy is an example of a secondary circular reaction.
C) Hannah will have trouble retrieving the sheep until she no longer makes the A-not-B search error.
D) Hannah will not be able to retrieve the stuffed sheep until she is in Substage 5 of Piaget's sensorimotor period.

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Current evidence supports the idea that ...

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A) overextension.
B) child-directed speech.
C) underextension.
D) referential style.

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A) carry out many activities inside their heads.
B) "think" with their eyes,ears,and hands.
C) assimilate more than they accommodate.
D) do not yet construct schemes.

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A) predicting later intelligence.
B) measuring higher-order cognitive skills.
C) screening to help identify babies who are likely to have developmental problems.
D) assessing memory,as well as quickness and flexibility of thinking.

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A) The cognitive changes of infancy are stagelike.
B) Most aspects of infant cognition develop concurrently.
C) Many cognitive changes of infancy are gradual and continuous.
D) Most aspects of infant cognition develop abruptly.

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