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Exam 16: Renewable Energy Alternatives

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Question 31

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The rotational energy of the blades of a wind turbine ____________

A) is used to generate hydrogen from water
B) generates as much greenhouse gases as burning natural gas
C) will not occur unless electricity is provided to generate the motion
D) drives a generator inside the nacelle compartment to produce electricity
E) is so expensive to produce that no commercial development has been possible

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Question 32

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Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Primary material used in making solar photocells

A) ethanol and biodiesel
B) geothermal
C) cellulosic ethanol
D) tidal generators
E) hydroelectric
F) Three Gorges
G) methane biogas
H) methanol
I) biodiesel
J) solar photocells and wind
K) Black Canyon
L) silicon
M) OTEC
N) methanol and dioxin
O) carbon

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Question 33

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Biodiesel ____________

Read the following scenario and answer the question below. The United States consumes 25% of the worldʹs petroleum. Most is used for transportation, and most of it is imported. In 1992, after the first Gulf War, the federal government passed the Energy Policy Act, whose goal was to replace transportation-related petroleum with alternative fuels. Biodiesel made from vegetable oil or animal fat is an economical alternative to petroleum-based fuels. It is safe, biodegradable, nontoxic, and has the highest energy balance of any liquid fuel. Unlike unrefined oils that can be burned directly as fuels, biodiesel can be used in conventional diesel engines without engine modification. It reduces wear without compromising performance, due to its high lubricity. It is renewable and emits far less air pollution when combusted as compared to petrodiesel. The raw material used to produce biodiesel exists in billions of gallons of vegetable oil used by restaurants each year, as well as in crops. Processing biodiesel yields an added benefit-its by-product, glycerine, is used to make soap. Although biodiesel burns well in pure form (B100) , commonly it is blended with petrodiesel in mixtures such as B20 and B5, which reduce toxic air pollution proportional to their biodiesel content. Biodiesel is currently available at almost 500 filling stations nationwide. Demand is increasing due to federal and state tax incentives as well as the increased price and decreased availability of petrodiesel. More than 600 domestic fleets use biodiesel, including the military, NASA, Yellowstone National Park, and local governments. Many school districts use biodiesel-powered school buses. Musicians Neil Young, Bonnie Raitt, and Willie Nelson fuel their tour buses with biodiesel. Nelson, a lifelong supporter of American farmers, who benefit when their crops are used for fuel, sells his own brand, BioWillie Biodiesel, at many truck stops. Because biodiesel can be manufactured locally, fuel transportation costs are low, and dependence on foreign petroleum and the need for domestic oil exploration and development of sensitive wildlife areas, such as the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, can be reduced when biodiesel is used as an alternative fuel. There is concern, however, that biodiesel from crops may not be sustainable in the long term. Crops which are potentially food for humans, such as rape seed and soy, affect the price of foods and also require land, pesticides, fertilizers, and irrigation which may contribute to environmental degradation and stress on already limited resources. -Compared to other uses of bioenergy, biodiesel from restaurant waste represents one of the best environmental alternatives to fossil fuels because they ____________.

Ultimately, all biofuels are ____________, because they are the result of ____________.

Photovoltaic cells ____________

The best locations to install tidal electrical generating stations are places where ____________

The form of energy delivered to an electrical generating turbine in a geothermal facility is in the form of ____________

____________ leads the world in percentage of its electricity derived from hydropower.

Of the following, ____________ are documented negative impacts of dams.

More and more wind farms are being located ____________ because winds are stronger there.

All the following are true of using solar photocells, except ____________

Bagasse and sugar cane-based ethanol are major items in the energy resources of ____________.

Corn-based ethanol production has a number of drawbacks, including ____________

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Liquid biofuels in heaviest production

Discuss briefly the significance of hydrogen as an alternative energy resource.

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Clean and renewable but has negative effects on rivers

Use the figure above to answer the following question -The United States consumes more ______________ energy than any other renewable energy source.

Designing buildings to maximize absorption of sunlight during winter and to keep the interiors cool during summer is referred to as ____________

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following: -Biofuel that does not necessitate growing of food crops to produce