Exam 10: Other Planetary Systems: the New Science of Distant Worlds

A) When migrating planets pass close enough for a gravitational encounter, one may be flung from the system while the other is shifted to a highly elliptical orbit.
B) When migrating planets collide, they would move onto more eccentric orbits.
C) When a planet migrates onto the surface of the star, the additional stellar mass would disrupt the orbits of the remaining planets.
D) A migrating planet would create waves in the planet forming disk, which would in turn lead to the formation of planets on highly elliptical orbits.

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A) at least 1 trillion
B) at least 70 billion
C) at least 3000
D) at least 8

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A) Planet A moves with the same speed as Planet B.
B) Planet A is, on average, moving faster than Planet B.
C) The relative orbital speeds depend on the masses of the planets.
D) Planet A is, on average, moving slower than Planet B.

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A) a wide range of masses, in edge- on orbits.
B) Jupiter- mass, in Jupiter- like orbits.
C) Earth- mass, in very close orbits.
D) Earth- mass, in Earth- like orbits.
E) Jupiter- mass, in very close orbits.

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A) Their masses are similar to Jupiter but their composition is similar to Mercury.
B) Their masses and composition are similar to what we would expect if Jupiter were hotter.
C) Their masses are similar to Jupiter but they are very close to the central star and therefore hot.
D) The planets tend to be detected around more massive, hotter stars than our Sun.
E) because the discovery of other planets is very exciting

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A) are found around neutron stars.
B) are less massive than Earth and orbit very far from the star.
C) are more massive than Earth and orbit very close to the star.
D) are more massive than Earth and orbit very far from the star.
E) are less massive than Earth and orbit very close to the star.

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A) about two thousand
B) tens of thousands
C) ten
D) about two hundred
E) millions

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A) Some of the "exceptions to the rules" in our own solar system are likely to have been the result of giant impacts.
B) Planets can migrate from the orbits in which they are born.
C) In addition to the categories of terrestrial and jovian, there must be an "in- between" category of planet that has the mass of a jovian planet but the composition of a terrestrial planet.
D) In some star systems, it is possible for jovian planets to form in the inner solar system and terrestrial planets to form in the outer solar system.

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A) The planet around Star 2 has a thicker atmosphere than the planet around Star 1.
B) The planet around Star 1 has a thicker atmosphere than the planet around Star 2.
C) The planet around Star 2 is more massive than the planet around Star 1.
D) The planet around Star 1 is more massive than the planet around Star 2.

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The Doppler technique measures the perio...

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A) Acceleration is equal and opposite; the planet feels more force more than the star.
B) Forces are equal and opposite; the planet is accelerated more than the star.
C) Forces are equal and opposite; the star is accelerated more than the planet.
D) Accelerations and forces are both equal and opposite.
E) Acceleration is equal and opposite; the star feels more force more than the planet.

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A) The planet's radius is 10% of the host star's radius.
B) The planet's radius is 1% of the host star's radius.
C) The planet's radius is 0.1% of the host star's radius.
D) The planet is the same size as the host star.

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A) 70
B) 7
C) 7000
D) 700

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A) a planet that is larger than the Sun
B) a planet that is considered an "extra," in that it was not needed for the formation of its solar system
C) a planet that orbits a star that is not our own Sun
D) a planet that is extra large compared to what we'd expect

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A) measuring the speed at which the star orbits the mutual center- of- mass of the star and planet.
B) measuring the amount by which the starlight is reduced when the planet transits.
C) measuring the time it takes for the star's line- of- sight velocity to cycle from peak to peak.
D) measuring the asymmetries in the velocity curve.

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A) estimate the temperature based on the planet's distance from the star
B) measure the drop in total infrared light when the planet passes behind the star from our perspective
C) use spectroscopy of the planet to identify the wavelength at which its emission peaks
D) A and B
E) B and C

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A) It has been modified to allow for the formation of gas giants within the frost line.
B) It has been discarded.
C) It has been modified to allow for planets to migrate inwards or outwards due to gravitational interactions.
D) Its status is unclear and awaits further observations that will determine whether hot Jupiters are dense Earth like planets or gas giants.

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