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Exam 6: Social and Personality Development in Infancy

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Question 51

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The degree to which a child's temperament is adaptable to his environment is called

A) survival of the fittest.
B) goodness of fit.
C) niche-picking.
D) temperament matching.

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Question 52

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The infant temperament spectrum identified by Thomas and Chess includes all of the following EXCEPT

A) easy temperament
B) ambivalent temperament
C) difficult temperament
D) slow-to-warm-up temperament

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Question 53

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Given what is known about the effects of daycare on children's development,what advice would you give a friend who has to return to work and must find care for her child? How would you advise a friend for whom returning to work is an option but not a necessity?

Pederson and Moran from the University of Western Ontario changed Ainsworth's Strange Situation research in one important way.They

Harlow's experiment demonstrated that feeding is the most important factor in the development of attachment.

Changes to the Federal Employment Insurance Act in 2000 have extended the length of benefit payments for parental leave,which has encouraged more parents to stay at home for the first year of their child's life.

Describe the main elements of attachment theory from an ethologist's perspective.How do the bonds that form in infancy impact later aspects of one's development?

The reciprocal pattern of signalling and responding through which infants indicate their needs and adults respond is called ________ by developmentalists.

By age 5,most children have a clear model of their primary caretaker,a self model,and a model or blueprint for relationships.

Which of the following is the best example of contingent responsiveness?

Mary Ainsworth's attachment assessment procedure,the Strange Situation,consisted of

Basil has developed a consistent routine for his child.This has enabled the child to be able to adapt to new situations and feel a level of comfort,which adds to the child's cheerful disposition.The temperament of the child could be described as a slow-to-warm-up temperament.

What is the Strange Situation test and what does it measure? Describe the set up and what you would look for if you were the researcher.

At 2,Giovanna knows her name,knows that she is a girl and that she is a big sister.Psychologists would say that Giovanna is in the ________ stage of self-concept development.

If you were to visit the Fedor home in the middle of the day,you would find 1-year-old Vlad playing close to his mother.Your presence would upset him,and his mother would have difficulty comforting him.If she left the room briefly,he would be extremely upset,but he would seem to both seek and avoid her when she returned.Vlad most likely would be classified as having a(n) ________ form of attachment.

Parents should expect their child to begin to protest being left with an unfamiliar babysitter when the child is approximately

Depressed mothers can be just as effective and responsive as non-depressed mothers.

The five key aspects of temperament that encompass issues such as sociability,activity levels,emotional reactivity,and self-regulation are called the ________ of temperament.

Once secure attachment is established in the first two years of life,nothing,not even major life losses or traumas,can change it.

All of the following statements about parenting and early infant care in Canada are true EXCEPT