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Exam 21: Variation and Selection in Populations

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Question 1

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The proportion of individuals in a population that are of a particular phenotype is the

A) phenotype frequency.
B) genotype frequency.
C) allele frequency.
D) None of the choices is correct.

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Question 2

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A large population of fish live in a lake. The color of their scales is determined by two different alleles of the S gene, S1 and S2. Homozygous S1 fish have yellow scales, S2 homozygotes have blue scales, and heterozygotes are green. Scientists catch 100 fish at random and record their color. Among those 100 fish are 30 yellow, 50 blue, and 20 green ones. After the original sample is analyzed, an asteroid landed in the lake and killed all the fish that happened to be in one location. When 100 fish were sampled again, 15 were yellow, 75 were blue, and 10 were green. -The fish population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium before the asteroid hit.

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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A large population of fish live in a lake. The color of their scales is determined by two different alleles of the S gene, S1 and S2. Homozygous S1 fish have yellow scales, S2 homozygotes have blue scales, and heterozygotes are green. Scientists catch 100 fish at random and record their color. Among those 100 fish are 30 yellow, 50 blue, and 20 green ones. After the original sample is analyzed, an asteroid landed in the lake and killed all the fish that happened to be in one location. When 100 fish were sampled again, 15 were yellow, 75 were blue, and 10 were green. -By what mechanism did allele frequencies change due to the asteroid?

What is the most common reason that new mutations are lost from a population?

In 2013, a man was arrested for transporting 400 pounds of marijuana across state lines.His DNA was tested, entered into the CODIS database, and found to match the crime scene sample in a murder case (see Table) . $\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } \hline & \text { Crime scene sample } & \text { Suspect 1 } \\\hline \text { SSR locus } 1 & 10,10 & 10,10 \\\hline \text { SSR locus } 2 & 11,11 & 11,11 \\\hline \text { SSR locus 3 } & 6,9 & 6,9 \\\hline\end{array}$ -In a group of 100,000 people, about how many would be expected to have the same genotype as the crime scene sample? For simplicity, assume all SSR alleles are present in the population at a frequency of 0.2.

Hardy-Weinberg conditions were established in the lake after the asteroid hit.The fish population mated and produced the next generation.Scientists sampled 100 fish that were all offspring of the post-asteroid population.How many yellow fish will be among the 100 offspring sampled?

What evidence supports the hypothesis that humans originated in Africa?

This population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Which of the following is one of the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg law?

Brachydactyly is a condition caused by an allele dominant to wild-type in humans, in which the fingers and toes are shortened. In a population of 10,000 people, 1,600 are BB, 4,800 are Bb, and 3,600 are bb. -What is the frequency of the b allele?

In 2013, a man was arrested for transporting 400 pounds of marijuana across state lines.His DNA was tested, entered into the CODIS database, and found to match the crime scene sample in a murder case (see Table) . $\begin{array} { | l | c | c | } \hline & \text { Crime scene sample } & \text { Suspect 1 } \\\hline \text { SSR locus } 1 & 10,10 & 10,10 \\\hline \text { SSR locus } 2 & 11,11 & 11,11 \\\hline \text { SSR locus 3 } & 6,9 & 6,9 \\\hline\end{array}$ -What additional evidence would increase your confidence that the man arrested for transporting marijuana committed the murder? (Select all that apply. )

The sum total of all alleles carried in all members of a population is called the

What has sequencing the genomes of modern humans, nonprimates, Neanderthals, and Denisovans determined about the relationship between modern humans and other lineages?

Brachydactyly is a condition caused by an allele dominant to wild-type in humans, in which the fingers and toes are shortened. In a population of 10,000 people, 1,600 are BB, 4,800 are Bb, and 3,600 are bb. -What percentage of people in this population have short fingers and toes?

The proportion of individuals in a population that are of a particular genotype is the

What does biological ancestry describe?

Why are many human recessive disease alleles maintained in populations despite continuing selection against them?

What is the term for the loss of genetic variation due to an event that decreases the size of the entire population?

A large population of fish live in a lake. The color of their scales is determined by two different alleles of the S gene, S1 and S2. Homozygous S1 fish have yellow scales, S2 homozygotes have blue scales, and heterozygotes are green. Scientists catch 100 fish at random and record their color. Among those 100 fish are 30 yellow, 50 blue, and 20 green ones. After the original sample is analyzed, an asteroid landed in the lake and killed all the fish that happened to be in one location. When 100 fish were sampled again, 15 were yellow, 75 were blue, and 10 were green. -What is the frequency of the S¹ allele in the fish population after the asteroid hit?

In a population of 400 salamanders, some individuals have long toes and others have short toes.This phenotypic difference is due to a single gene with dominant and recessive alleles, T and t, where T confers long toes.If the toe length gene is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, and 256 individuals have short toes, how many individuals are heterozygous at the toe length locus?