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Exam 6: Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

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Question 31

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following is the most direct way to control for question order effects?

A) Give the survey questions to different groups of people.
B) Prepare different versions of the survey, varying the order of the questions.
C) Combine multiple questions into single questions.
D) Order effects cannot be controlled for.

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Question 32

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Which of the following is true of interrater reliability?

A) It is measured with an ICC.
B) It is necessary to calculate only if you have four or more raters.
C) It does not need to be calculated if your research assistants are well trained.
D) If interrater reliability is established, it means the observations are also valid.

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Question 33

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In developing a measure of "need for cognition" (the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving) , Dr.Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "I frequently solve and enjoy solving crossword puzzles and Sudoku puzzles." What is the problem with this question?

RESEARCH STUDY 6.2: Dr.Ewell, a developmental psychologist, is planning on conducting a study that involves watching children play together to determine how sharing behavior occurs in same-sex friend pairs compared to opposite-sex friend pairs. Dr.Ewell decides to collect his data at a neighborhood park.He has his two research assistants pose as a married couple having a picnic.While having their picnic, they take detailed records of the sharing behavior of the children and note whether the pairs are same sex or opposite sex.Given his use of two research assistants, he must establish the of their measures.

RESEARCH STUDY 6.3: Dr.Omiata is working on creating a survey designed to measure people's attitudes toward marijuana use.For each statement, the person is asked to rate their agreement on a 5-point scale.A selection of his statements is below. A.I think that people who illegally ruin their lives by smoking pot are all alike. B.I think that marijuana should be legal in all 50 states and that people should have easy access to it. C.Marijuana consumption should never not be controlled. D.People who smoke marijuana are breaking the law. For each of Dr.Omiata's statements, state whether it is well worded.If it is not, indicate what the problem is and how it could be fixed.

Explain why socially desirable responding happens.Name one way to decrease the likelihood of its occurrence.

RESEARCH STUDY 6.2: Dr.Ewell, a developmental psychologist, is planning on conducting a study that involves watching children play together to determine how sharing behavior occurs in same-sex friend pairs compared to opposite-sex friend pairs. Imagine that Dr.Ewell wants to videotape the children interacting in the park.Why would most psychologists have no problem with the ethics of Dr.Ewell's study?

Faking good is also known as:

RESEARCH STUDY 6.2: Dr.Ewell, a developmental psychologist, is planning on conducting a study that involves watching children play together to determine how sharing behavior occurs in same-sex friend pairs compared to opposite-sex friend pairs. Dr.Ewell is concerned that the children will behave differently because of the presence of research assistants.He is concerned about:

Dr.Overup decides to use a hidden camera to videotape the behavior of people on dates at a local restaurant to determine how they express affection in public.State which threat to construct validity Dr.Overup is trying to address.Briefly discuss how she should deal with the ethics of the hidden camera.

Dr.Katz is interested in studying self-esteem.He is especially curious as to whether people who have higher self-esteem say the words I and me more often than those who have low self-esteem do.He has decided to poll people and ask them how often they say these words during the day.Explain why you would advise him not to use this method and explain what alternative you would propose.

Dr.Overup decides to use a hidden camera to videotape the behavior of people on dates at a local restaurant to determine how they express affection in public.She has three research assistants code each video.She calculates an ICC of .94 for their rating of affection.Explain how Dr.Overup should interpret this value and what it tells her in terms of the reliability and validity of her measure.

Dr.Gahan decides to create a questionnaire asking about people's attitudes toward immigration (a socially sensitive topic) .He should be most concerned about which of the following?

Why are double-barreled questions problematic?

Forced-choice question formats are especially good at dealing with which of the following issues?

Write three questions designed to measure liking for peanut butter and jelly sandwiches-one forced-choice, one open-ended, and one with a response scale (can be of any type).

Explain how a masked or blind design deals with both observer bias and observer effects.

Which of the following determines the construct validity of a survey question?

Which of the following statements is true of observational data?

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using open-ended questions?