Question 1

Which statement demonstrates that nonhumans can learn cognitive skills?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chimpanzees in the wild have learned how to use stones to crack nuts.
B)   Dolphins can learn to repeat whatever action they had performed most recently when instructed to do so by a trainer.
C)   In the lab, experimenters have taught primates and other animals to use various tools.
D)   All of the statements are correct.

Question 2

Which statement is TRUE regarding skill decay?

Accepted Answer

A)   It can occur because of interference from newer skills.
B)   It happens more for perceptual-motor skills than for cognitive skills.
C)   It occurs at a fairly steady rate.
D)   There is less decay if multiple skills are practiced on the same day.

Question 3

Which activity is the BEST example of a closed skill?

Accepted Answer

A)   playing tennis
B)   driving a car
C)   playing a video game
D)   playing a particular piece on the piano

Question 4

When rats with damage to the basal ganglia are put in a water maze, and the platform is moved to a new location, the rats swim:

Accepted Answer

A)   in random directions until they find the new platform.
B)   directly to the location where the platform used to be, but only if the platform is submerged (not visible) .
C)   directly to the new platform location only if the platform is visible.
D)   directly to the location where the platform used to be, even when the platform is not visible.

Question 5

Imagine a ballerina who has performed a particular ballet so many times that she doesn't even need to think about the movements anymore. She has developed:

Accepted Answer

A)   apraxia.
B)   an open skill.
C)   a motor program.
D)   a talent.

Question 6

A person's genetically endowed ability to perform a skill better than most is known as a gift or a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   task.
B)   expertise.
C)   habit.
D)   talent.

Question 7

Practice of a skill that is spread out over several sessions is known as _____ practice

Accepted Answer

A)   massed
B)   spaced
C)   constant
D)   variable

Question 8

Which disorder involves a reduction in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta that control activity in the basal ganglia?

Accepted Answer

A)   transcranial deficit
B)   Parkinson's disease
C)   Huntington's disease
D)   apraxia

Question 9

Feedback about the performance of a skill that is critical to the effectiveness of practice is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   knowledge of results.
B)   knowledge of learning.
C)   knowledge of practice.
D)   effectiveness.

Question 10

People with Parkinson's disease:

Accepted Answer

A)   can be treated with deep brain stimulation.
B)   have trouble with mirror-reading tasks.
C)   usually begin experiencing symptoms in their twenties.
D)   have abnormally high levels of dopamine.

Question 11

With practice, cortical expansion occurs in areas of:

Accepted Answer

A)   somatosensory cortex that are relevant for performing the skill.
B)   motor cortex that are relevant for performing the skill.
C)   both somatosensory cortex and motor cortex that are relevant for performing the skill.
D)   the cortex that are not relevant for performing the skill.

Question 12

Describe an example of the cognitive stage, the associative stage, and the autonomous stage during learning the task of operating one's new video camera.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive stage includes reading the man...

Question 13

Lesion and neuroimaging studies have suggested that the basal ganglia play a role in skill learning. Explain why it is difficult to determine exactly what this role is.

Accepted Answer

Discuss the issue of separatin...

Question 14

Which statement is TRUE about research on perceptual-motor skills?

Accepted Answer

A)   It focuses on very complex skills.
B)   It depends more on intellectual prowess.
C)   Studies might consist of pressing buttons or tracking the position of a moving object .
D)   All of the statements are true.

Question 15

Steve is trying to improve his public-speaking skills. He is practicing by giving speeches on different topics to different groups of friends. He is using _____ practice.

Accepted Answer

A)   massed
B)   spaced
C)   constant
D)   variable

Question 16

If a mother wants her son to implicitly learn to use correct grammar, she should:

Accepted Answer

A)   point out his mistakes whenever he uses incorrect grammar.
B)   help him to memorize the rules of grammar.
C)   always use correct grammar when she speaks to him.
D)   tell him "yes, you used correct grammar" as a reward every time he uses correct grammar.

Question 17

A sequence of movements that an organism can perform virtually automatically is known as motor programs or:

Accepted Answer

A)   habits.
B)   expertise.
C)   practice.
D)   motor skills.

Question 18

Rats with damage to the basal ganglia:

Accepted Answer

A)   have trouble learning to navigate a basic radial maze.
B)   have trouble learning to navigate a radial maze in which only the illuminated arms contain food.
C)   cannot learn to find the platform in a water maze.
D)   have trouble performing skills necessary to find food in a basic radial maze.

Question 19

Which memory requires several repetitions?

Accepted Answer

A)   skill
B)   implicit
C)   explicit
D)   cognitive

Question 20

Suppose a child learns to ride his bike on the smooth, flat road by his home. According to the identical elements theory, under what physical conditions will the child's bike-riding abilities transfer the most? Under what conditions will they transfer the least?

Accepted Answer

Give examples of physical road...

Exam 8: Skill Memory:

Which memory requires several repetitions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine a ballerina who has performed a particular ballet so many times that she doesn't even need to think about the movements anymore. She has developed:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is TRUE regarding skill decay?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which activity is the BEST example of a closed skill?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person's genetically endowed ability to perform a skill better than most is known as a gift or a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A sequence of movements that an organism can perform virtually automatically is known as motor programs or:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose a child learns to ride his bike on the smooth, flat road by his home. According to the identical elements theory, under what physical conditions will the child's bike-riding abilities transfer the most? Under what conditions will they transfer the least?

Correct AnswerverifiedGive examples of physical road...View AnswerShow Answer

Which statement is TRUE about research on perceptual-motor skills?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe an example of the cognitive stage, the associative stage, and the autonomous stage during learning the task of operating one's new video camera.

Correct AnswerverifiedCognitive stage includes reading the man...View AnswerShow Answer

Practice of a skill that is spread out over several sessions is known as _____ practice

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People with Parkinson's disease:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which disorder involves a reduction in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta that control activity in the basal ganglia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With practice, cortical expansion occurs in areas of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When rats with damage to the basal ganglia are put in a water maze, and the platform is moved to a new location, the rats swim:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Feedback about the performance of a skill that is critical to the effectiveness of practice is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lesion and neuroimaging studies have suggested that the basal ganglia play a role in skill learning. Explain why it is difficult to determine exactly what this role is.

Correct AnswerverifiedDiscuss the issue of separatin...View AnswerShow Answer

Which statement demonstrates that nonhumans can learn cognitive skills?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a mother wants her son to implicitly learn to use correct grammar, she should:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rats with damage to the basal ganglia:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Steve is trying to improve his public-speaking skills. He is practicing by giving speeches on different topics to different groups of friends. He is using _____ practice.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Give examples of physical road...
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Cognitive stage includes reading the man...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Discuss the issue of separatin...
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Correct Answer
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