Question 1

The macula densa consists of specialized cells of the distal tubule epithelium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

If the amount of a solute excreted in the urine per minute is less than the filtered load, then that solute had to have been (reabsorbed / secreted) in the renal tubules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the amount of a solute excreted...

Question 3

Most filtered solutes and water are reabsorbed in what region?

Accepted Answer

A)   collecting duct
B)   proximal tubule
C)   distal tubule
D)   loop of Henle
E)   Bowman's capsule

Question 4

Which of the following describes elimination of urine from the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   micturition
B)   secretion
C)   reabsorption
D)   filtration
E)   excretion

Question 5

During what renal process are molecules selectively removed from the tubule lumen, moved into the interstitial space, and removed from the kidneys by the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta?

Accepted Answer

A)   reabsorption
B)   excretion
C)   absorption
D)   filtration
E)   secretion

Question 6

What are the conical sections of the renal medulla called?

Accepted Answer

A)   renal pyramids
B)   renal cortex
C)   minor calyces
D)   renal pelvis
E)   major calyces

Question 7

The micturition reflex is activated by the stretch of the bladder, which activates what?

Accepted Answer

A)   parasympathetic afferents
B)   sympathetic afferents
C)   somatic afferents
D)   stretch receptors
E)   parasympathetic efferents

Question 8

Which layer of the filtration barrier in Bowman's capsule is the primary barrier to the movement of protein from the capillary?

Accepted Answer

A)   macula densa
B)   granular cell
C)   basement membrane
D)   endothelial cell
E)   epithelial cell

Question 9

Which of the following can increase the filtered load of a particular solute?

Accepted Answer

A)   increasing the rate of secretion
B)   decreasing the rate of excretion
C)   increasing the glomerular filtration rate
D)   increasing the rate of reabsorption
E)   decreasing the plasma concentration of the solute

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism whereby glomerular filtration rate is regulated?

Accepted Answer

A)   mesangial cell contraction
B)   granular cell contraction
C)   myogenic regulation
D)   sympathetic nervous system
E)   tubuloglomerular feedback

Question 11

Although some of the mechanisms are the same, the functions of the proximal and distal tubules are quite different. Compare and contrast the structural differences between epithelial cells in the proximal and distal tubes.

Accepted Answer

Overall, the structural differences betw...

Question 12

What is the process whereby protein -free plasma moves by bulk flow from the glomerulus into Bowman's capsules?

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerular filtration
B)   absorption
C)   excretion
D)   reabsorption
E)   secretion

Question 13

The clearance of what substance provides the best estimate of renal blood flow rate?

Accepted Answer

A)   creatine
B)   inulin
C)   glucose
D)   sodium
E)   PAH

Question 14

In tubuloglomerular feedback, an increase in glomerular filtration rate would increase the______ , thereby stimulating the release of a paracrine factor from the macula densa that would______

Accepted Answer

A)   flow of tubular fluid : constrict the efferent arteriole
B)   afferent arteriolar pressure : constrict the afferent arteriole
C)   afferent arteriolar pressure : increase filtrate flow
D)   flow of tubular fluid : constrict the afferent arteriole
E)   flow of tubular fluid : dilate the afferent arteriole

Question 15

Despite being less than 1% of body weight, the kidneys receive what percent of resting cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

A)   35%
B)   20%
C)   1%
D)   15%
E)   5%

Question 16

Filtration fraction is calculated as glomerular filtration rate × plasma concentration of a solute.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

(Clearance / Secretion) is a measure of the volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed by the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

The answer of (Clearance / Secretion) is a measure of...

Question 18

Which of the following forms the filtration barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)   capillary endothelial cells only
B)   podocytes only
C)   basement membrane only
D)   both capillary endothelial cells and basement membrane
E)   capillary endothelial cells, basement membrane, and podocytes

Question 19

What capillaries come off of the efferent arterioles associated with cortical nephrons?

Accepted Answer

A)   arcuate
B)   glomerulus
C)   lobular
D)   vasa recta
E)   peritubular

Question 20

The distal tubule functions as a mass absorber.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 18: The Urinary System: Renal Function

During what renal process are molecules selectively removed from the tubule lumen, moved into the interstitial space, and removed from the kidneys by the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

(Clearance / Secretion) is a measure of the volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed by the kidneys.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In tubuloglomerular feedback, an increase in glomerular filtration rate would increase the______ , thereby stimulating the release of a paracrine factor from the macula densa that would______

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Filtration fraction is calculated as glomerular filtration rate × plasma concentration of a solute.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following forms the filtration barrier?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although some of the mechanisms are the same, the functions of the proximal and distal tubules are quite different. Compare and contrast the structural differences between epithelial cells in the proximal and distal tubes.

Correct AnswerverifiedOverall, the structural differences betw...View AnswerShow Answer

What are the conical sections of the renal medulla called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What capillaries come off of the efferent arterioles associated with cortical nephrons?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The micturition reflex is activated by the stretch of the bladder, which activates what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which layer of the filtration barrier in Bowman's capsule is the primary barrier to the movement of protein from the capillary?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following can increase the filtered load of a particular solute?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the amount of a solute excreted in the urine per minute is less than the filtered load, then that solute had to have been (reabsorbed / secreted) in the renal tubules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The distal tubule functions as a mass absorber.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Despite being less than 1% of body weight, the kidneys receive what percent of resting cardiac output?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most filtered solutes and water are reabsorbed in what region?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The macula densa consists of specialized cells of the distal tubule epithelium.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The clearance of what substance provides the best estimate of renal blood flow rate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the process whereby protein -free plasma moves by bulk flow from the glomerulus into Bowman's capsules?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following describes elimination of urine from the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism whereby glomerular filtration rate is regulated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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In tubuloglomerular feedback, an increase in glomerular filtration rate would increase the , thereby stimulating the release of a paracrine factor from the macula densa that would

Correct Answer
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Overall, the structural differences betw...
View Answer

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