Question 1

Which of the following would Erik Erikson MOST likely recommend regarding the soothing of a crying infant?

Accepted Answer

A)   Do not soothe the baby because the baby will become spoiled.
B)   Pick up and soothe the baby so that a healthy sense of trust develops.
C)   Allow the baby to cry because this will encourage the development of a self-sufficient child.
D)   Soothe the baby about every other time so the baby does not become dependent on external comforters.

Question 2

Separation protest is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)   rejoicing when the caregiver returns.
B)   crying when the caregiver shouts.
C)   crying when the caregiver leaves.
D)   indifference to the whereabouts of the caregiver.

Question 3

The _____ model involves connections across domains, and over time, that influence developmental pathways and outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A)   internal working
B)   external working
C)   Strange Situation
D)   developmental cascade

Question 4

The research on fathers as caregivers indicates that fathers:

Accepted Answer

A)   are less able to be nurturing caregivers than mothers.
B)   are biologically more suited for a nurturing caregiver role than are mothers.
C)   interact with their babies in different ways, depending on whether they are the primary caregiver.
D)   interact with their babies in different ways than mothers do, regardless of which parent is the primary caregiver.

Question 5

Baby Heather is absorbed in her playing when suddenly there is a loud crashing sound outside of the house. Heather immediately moves as fast as she can to her grandmother (who is her primary caregiver) . According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, Heather is not in:

Accepted Answer

A)   phase one.
B)   phase two.
C)   phase three.
D)   phase four.

Question 6

Quimby, age 15 months, looks to her mother to see if she should be afraid of the stranger who has come to her home. Quimby relaxes when she sees her mother smiling and speaking to the stranger in a calm voice. Quimby is engaging in:

Accepted Answer

A)   social checking.
B)   social repetition.
C)   social referencing.
D)   social validation.

Question 7

Noah has noticed a difference in his two daughters in that one can calm herself and gain control over her emotions rather quickly, and the other has trouble regaining any control over intense emotions. He is noticing a difference in their:

Accepted Answer

A)   self-referencing.
B)   reactivity.
C)   self-regulation.
D)   emotion.

Question 8

According to critics, the Strange Situation might not be able to capture important differences among infants because:

Accepted Answer

A)   the Strange Situation is a controlled, artificial situation.
B)   there is too little control of contextual factors in the Strange Situation.
C)   information from the Strange Situation is biased by observers' impressions.
D)   as a measure of attachment, it may be culturally biased.

Question 9

The fact that infants are captivated by the social world, are attuned to the sounds of human voices, and stare intently at the faces of their caregivers is reflective of their:

Accepted Answer

A)   social orientation.
B)   abstract thinking.
C)   need for autonomy.
D)   desire for independence.

Question 10

According to a recent meta-analysis, secure attachment in infancy was linked to:

Accepted Answer

A)   social competence with peers in childhood.
B)   more externalizing behaviors in preschool.
C)   more internalizing behaviors in middle school.
D)   higher dropout rates in high school.

Question 11

Describe the emotional regulation and coping that infants develop over the initial years.

Accepted Answer

During the first year of life, the infan...

Question 12

Describe the three main types of insecurely attached infants and specify how each would respond upon the "reunion" stage of the experiment.

Accepted Answer

(a) Insecure avoidant babies exhibit ins...

Question 13

Of the following, which would be a good example of scaffolding?

Accepted Answer

A)   Child-directed speech
B)   Strange situation
C)   A game of peek-a-boo
D)   Social referencing

Question 14

According to a 2006 study of discipline and corrective methods used by parents, the two most common methods parents use for managing and guiding 12-month-old infants' undesirable behaviors are diverting attention and:

Accepted Answer

A)   spanking.
B)   yelling.
C)   reasoning.
D)   the use of timeout.

Question 15

The longitudinal investigation of couples from late pregnancy until three years after baby was born found that:

Accepted Answer

A)   being parents gave them a stable identity as a parent.
B)   they had more positive marital relations after the baby was born.
C)   they had decreased marital satisfaction after the baby was born.
D)   women paid less attention to their personal growth.

Question 16

When one-month-old Mai is sleeping, it often looks like she is smiling. This is an example of a _____ smile.

Accepted Answer

A)   private
B)   reflexive
C)   natural
D)   social

Question 17

In which of the following situations will nine-month-old Lucy show the LEAST stranger anxiety?

Accepted Answer

A)   When she meets an unsmiling stranger at her home
B)   When she meets another nine-month-old baby at her home
C)   When she meets a passive stranger in an unfamiliar place
D)   When she meets an aggressive stranger in an unfamiliar place

Question 18

Melissa noticed that her youngest daughter, almost two years old, has just started trying to imitate her big sister who is five years old and pretending to be a cheerleader. Her youngest daughter is showing:

Accepted Answer

A)   temperament.
B)   attachment.
C)   imitation and reciprocal play.
D)   self awareness.

Question 19

Describe at least two examples from the textbook that contribute to the criticism of attachment theory that it ignores the diversity of socializing agents and context that exists in an infant's world.

Accepted Answer

In northern Germany, expectations for an...

Question 20

According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n)  _____ child has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood.

Accepted Answer

A)   slow-to-warm-up
B)   easy
C)   difficult
D)   inflexible

Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Noah has noticed a difference in his two daughters in that one can calm herself and gain control over her emotions rather quickly, and the other has trouble regaining any control over intense emotions. He is noticing a difference in their:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to a 2006 study of discipline and corrective methods used by parents, the two most common methods parents use for managing and guiding 12-month-old infants' undesirable behaviors are diverting attention and:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following, which would be a good example of scaffolding?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which of the following situations will nine-month-old Lucy show the LEAST stranger anxiety?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When one-month-old Mai is sleeping, it often looks like she is smiling. This is an example of a _____ smile.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Melissa noticed that her youngest daughter, almost two years old, has just started trying to imitate her big sister who is five years old and pretending to be a cheerleader. Her youngest daughter is showing:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fact that infants are captivated by the social world, are attuned to the sounds of human voices, and stare intently at the faces of their caregivers is reflective of their:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe at least two examples from the textbook that contribute to the criticism of attachment theory that it ignores the diversity of socializing agents and context that exists in an infant's world.

Correct AnswerverifiedIn northern Germany, expectations for an...View AnswerShow Answer

The longitudinal investigation of couples from late pregnancy until three years after baby was born found that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the three main types of insecurely attached infants and specify how each would respond upon the "reunion" stage of the experiment.

Correct Answerverified(a) Insecure avoidant babies exhibit ins...View AnswerShow Answer

According to a recent meta-analysis, secure attachment in infancy was linked to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Quimby, age 15 months, looks to her mother to see if she should be afraid of the stranger who has come to her home. Quimby relaxes when she sees her mother smiling and speaking to the stranger in a calm voice. Quimby is engaging in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The research on fathers as caregivers indicates that fathers:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would Erik Erikson MOST likely recommend regarding the soothing of a crying infant?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to critics, the Strange Situation might not be able to capture important differences among infants because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ model involves connections across domains, and over time, that influence developmental pathways and outcomes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Separation protest is characterized by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the emotional regulation and coping that infants develop over the initial years.

Correct AnswerverifiedDuring the first year of life, the infan...View AnswerShow Answer

Baby Heather is absorbed in her playing when suddenly there is a loud crashing sound outside of the house. Heather immediately moves as fast as she can to her grandmother (who is her primary caregiver) . According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, Heather is not in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n) _____ child has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In northern Germany, expectations for an...
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(a) Insecure avoidant babies exhibit ins...
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During the first year of life, the infan...
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