Question 1

The increase in extracellular osmolality would cause

Accepted Answer

A)   water to move out of the cells.
B)   water to move into the cells.
C)   no change in the net movement of water into or out of the cells.

Question 2

Calcitonin

Accepted Answer

A)   promotes the absorption of Ca2+ from the gastrointestinal tract.
B)   promotes osteoclast activity in the bones.
C)   reduces Ca2+ excretion by the kidneys.
D)   reduces extracellular Ca2+ ion levels.
E)   increases blood Ca2+ levels.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a buffer system of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bicarbonate buffer system
B)   Phosphate buffer system
C)   Protein buffer system
D)   NaCl buffer system
E)   Hemoglobin buffer

Question 4

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Accepted Answer

A)   increases plasma osmolality.
B)   is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
C)   increases water reabsorption in the kidneys.
D)   causes the production of a large volume of urine.
E)   increases urine volume.

Question 5

Aldosterone secretion may be stimulated by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH
B)   elevated K+ levels
C)   excess water intake
D)   elevated Na+ levels
E)   low K+ levels

Question 6

Which cell structure regulates the composition of the intracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)   Plasma membrane
B)   Cell wall
C)   Endoplasmic reticulum
D)   Ribosomes
E)   Nucleus

Question 7

Which organ(s)  play(s)  a role in the excretion of Na+? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Skin
B)   Kidneys
C)   Lungs
D)   Liver

Question 8

Edema results when the amount of ________ fluid increases.

Accepted Answer

A)   interstitial
B)   intracellular
C)   plasma
D)   cerebrospinal
E)   synovial

Question 9

Which of the following regulatory mechanisms would be stimulated as a result of the increased osmolality that results from a Na+ level of 152 mEq/L?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased urine output
B)   An increased release of ADH
C)   An increase in renin production
D)   An increase in the secretion of aldosterone
E)   A decreased release of ADH

Question 10

Serum electrolyte concentrations are most often expressed as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   mg %
B)   mmHg
C)   mg/dl
D)   mEq/L
E)   None of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following people would be most severely affected by prolonged vomiting?

Accepted Answer

A)   3-year-old male
B)   15-year-old male
C)   35-year-old male
D)   35-year-old female
E)   50-year-old male

Question 12

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased secretion of Ca2+ by the kidney.
B)   increased secretion of K+ by the kidney.
C)   decreased reabsorption of Na+ by the kidney.
D)   increased reabsorption of phosphate ions by the kidney.
E)   decreased secretion of K+ by the kidney.

Question 13

Calcium's roles in the body include

Accepted Answer

A)   bone health.
B)   muscle contraction.
C)   blood clotting.
D)   action potentials in heart muscle.
E)   All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

In hypocalcemia,

Accepted Answer

A)   depolarization is prevented.
B)   PTH production is reduced.
C)   blood Ca2+ levels are increased.
D)   neuromuscular excitability increases.
E)   neuromuscular excitability decreases.

Question 15

Name the ion that commonly serves as a cofactor for intracellular enzymes, such as the sodium-potassium pump.

Accepted Answer

A)   Magnesium
B)   Calcium
C)   Hydrogen
D)   Carbonate
E)   Phosphate

Question 16

pH

Accepted Answer

A)   increases with acidity.
B)   is measured on a scale of 0 to 10.
C)   is a measure of the H+ concentration.
D)   reflects Na+ content of body fluids.
E)   is not related to amounts of CO2 in the body.

Question 17

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH
B)   PTH
C)   calcitonin
D)   aldosterone
E)   insulin

Question 18

Which of the following events occurs last?

Accepted Answer

A)   Release of renin by the kidney
B)   Release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex
C)   Sodium ion reabsorption by the kidney tubules
D)   Angiotensinogen → angiotensin I
E)   Angiotensin I → angiotensin II

Question 19

Renin is released by the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   lungs
B)   kidney
C)   spleen
D)   liver
E)   pancreas

Question 20

The composition of extracellular fluid has little affect on intracellular fluid amounts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The increase in extracellular osmolality would cause

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In hypocalcemia,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The composition of extracellular fluid has little affect on intracellular fluid amounts.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

pH

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which cell structure regulates the composition of the intracellular fluid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Calcitonin

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Name the ion that commonly serves as a cofactor for intracellular enzymes, such as the sodium-potassium pump.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which organ(s) play(s) a role in the excretion of Na+? (Check all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Calcium's roles in the body include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Serum electrolyte concentrations are most often expressed as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Edema results when the amount of ________ fluid increases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone secretion may be stimulated by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following people would be most severely affected by prolonged vomiting?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a buffer system of the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following regulatory mechanisms would be stimulated as a result of the increased osmolality that results from a Na+ level of 152 mEq/L?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following events occurs last?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renin is released by the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Which organ(s) play(s) a role in the excretion of Na⁺? (Check all that apply.)

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Which of the following regulatory mechanisms would be stimulated as a result of the increased osmolality that results from a Na⁺ level of 152 mEq/L?

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