Question 1

What leads to respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   hypoventilation
B)   hyperventilation
C)   increasing reabsorption of bicarbonate ions from the filtrate
D)   increasing secretion of hydrogen ions into the filtrate

Question 2

Mrs. Frykholm is experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis, which causes metabolic acidosis. She has experienced damage to her kidneys from diabetes mellitus. Predict how her body compensates to return her blood pH to normal.

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperventilation
B)   decreasing bicarbonate ion reabsorption by the kidneys
C)   decreasing hydrogen ion secretion into the filtrate
D)   hypoventilation

Question 3

The human body has more fluid in the extracellular compartment than in the intracellular compartment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Mr. Jenkins spent the afternoon working and sweating in the yard on a hot summer day. Explain why he should avoid waiting until the end of completing his yard work to consume large amounts of water to
quench his thirst.

Accepted Answer

Dehydration may be treated by consuming ...

Question 5

Why are chlorine ions important?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chlorine ions are critical for hematopoiesis.
B)   Chlorine ions are a major component of collagen fibers.
C)   Chlorine ions are involved in the production of stomach acids.
D)   Chlorine ions are a major component of bone tissues.

Question 6

List the three general causes of respiratory acidosis.

Accepted Answer

There are three general causes...

Question 7

When the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level rises, less water is reabsorbed via the kidneys, the ECF volume decreases, and urine production increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is a major function of potassium ions in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   maintaining resting potential of neurons and muscle cells
B)   forming hydroxyapatite salts in osseous tissue
C)   maintaining osmotic pressure in the extracellular fluid (ECF) 
D)   activating enzymes

Question 9

When carbon dioxide enters the distal tubule of a nephron in the kidney and reacts with water, what is the destination of the resulting hydrogen ion?

Accepted Answer

A)   The hydrogen ions are reabsorbed.
B)   The hydrogen ions are transported into the interstitial fluid.
C)   The hydrogen ions are transported into the filtrate.
D)   The hydrogen ions are moved back into the blood.

Question 10

Summarize the following terms: acid, base, and buffer.

Accepted Answer

An acid is a chemical that dissociates i...

Question 11

Explain how dehydration and overhydration differ.

Accepted Answer

Dehydration is defined as decreased volu...

Question 12

Summarize the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D3 (calcitriol) in calcium ion and phosphate ion concentration regulation.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D3 (calcitriol) is a potent stim...

Question 13

Which of the following dissociates into ions when placed in water?

Accepted Answer

A)   starch
B)   glucose
C)   electrolyte
D)   nonelectrolyte

Question 14

Match the following with the appropriate acid -base imbalance or compensation.
A)metabolic acidosis
B) respiratory acidosis
C) metabolic alkalosis
D) respiratory alkalosis
-To compensate for this acid -base
imbalance, the kidneys secrete more bicarbonate ions and reabsorb more hydrogen ions.

Accepted Answer

Question 15

What is most abundant intracellular cation?

Accepted Answer

A)   bicarbonate ion
B)   sodium ion
C)   potassium ion
D)   chlorine ion

Question 16

Aldosterone triggers the secretion of potassium ions (and hydrogen ions) and reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Plasma has a much higher protein content than interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which hormone influences the concentration of hydrogen ions in the filtrate formed by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)   aldosterone
B)   atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) 
C)   vitamin D3 (calcitonin) 
D)   parathyroid hormone

Question 19

Water obeys the principle of mass balance-in other words, what is gained by the body must equal what is lost by the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Fluid balance in the human body is roughly equivalent to:

Accepted Answer

A)   water balance.
B)   acid -base balance.
C)   pH balance.
D)   nonelectrolyte balance.

Exam 25: Fluid, Electrolyte Acid-Base Homeostasis

List the three general causes of respiratory acidosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedThere are three general causes...View AnswerShow Answer

Mr. Jenkins spent the afternoon working and sweating in the yard on a hot summer day. Explain why he should avoid waiting until the end of completing his yard work to consume large amounts of water to quench his thirst.

Correct AnswerverifiedDehydration may be treated by consuming ...View AnswerShow Answer

Mrs. Frykholm is experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis, which causes metabolic acidosis. She has experienced damage to her kidneys from diabetes mellitus. Predict how her body compensates to return her blood pH to normal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Summarize the following terms: acid, base, and buffer.

Correct AnswerverifiedAn acid is a chemical that dissociates i...View AnswerShow Answer

Fluid balance in the human body is roughly equivalent to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What leads to respiratory acidosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following dissociates into ions when placed in water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plasma has a much higher protein content than interstitial fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The human body has more fluid in the extracellular compartment than in the intracellular compartment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is most abundant intracellular cation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a major function of potassium ions in the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how dehydration and overhydration differ.

Correct AnswerverifiedDehydration is defined as decreased volu...View AnswerShow Answer

Which hormone influences the concentration of hydrogen ions in the filtrate formed by the kidneys?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Summarize the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D3 (calcitriol) in calcium ion and phosphate ion concentration regulation.

Correct AnswerverifiedVitamin D3 (calcitriol) is a potent stim...View AnswerShow Answer

Why are chlorine ions important?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone triggers the secretion of potassium ions (and hydrogen ions) and reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidney.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When carbon dioxide enters the distal tubule of a nephron in the kidney and reacts with water, what is the destination of the resulting hydrogen ion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level rises, less water is reabsorbed via the kidneys, the ECF volume decreases, and urine production increases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the following with the appropriate acid -base imbalance or compensation. A)metabolic acidosis B) respiratory acidosis C) metabolic alkalosis D) respiratory alkalosis -To compensate for this acid -base imbalance, the kidneys secrete more bicarbonate ions and reabsorb more hydrogen ions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water obeys the principle of mass balance-in other words, what is gained by the body must equal what is lost by the body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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There are three general causes...
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Dehydration may be treated by consuming ...
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Correct Answer
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An acid is a chemical that dissociates i...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Dehydration is defined as decreased volu...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Vitamin D3 (calcitriol) is a potent stim...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Match the following with the appropriate acid -base imbalance or compensation. A)metabolic acidosis B) respiratory acidosis C) metabolic alkalosis D) respiratory alkalosis -To compensate for this acid ^-base imbalance, the kidneys secrete more bicarbonate ions and reabsorb more hydrogen ions.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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