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Exam 25: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis

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Question 51

Multiple Choice

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What is most abundant intracellular cation?

A) sodium ion
B) bicarbonate ion
C) chlorine ion
D) potassium ion

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Question 52

Multiple Choice

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Select the statement that best describes an acid.

A) An acid is a substance that generally has covalent bonds that do not dissociate into charged particles in water.
B) An acid is a chemical that dissociates to release equal amounts of hydrogen ions (H⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH^-) .
C) An acid is a chemical that accepts a hydrogen ion (H⁺) in a solution.
D) An acid is a chemical that dissociates in water to release a hydrogen ion (H⁺) .

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Question 53

Multiple Choice

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Determine the pH value that represents a basic,or alkaline,solution.

Explain why potassium ion imbalances are less affected by water imbalances than sodium ions.

Which of the following accounts for about 60% of our total body water?

Hyperventilation is the compensation for an acid-base imbalance known as:

Which type of extracellular fluid (ECF) solution will cause a cell to gain water?

Mrs.Watkins has COPD,an obstructive respiratory disorder.An arterial blood gas (ABG)sample was taken and the following observed: an elevated arterial PCO₂,lower than normal blood pH,and an elevated bicarbonate ion level.Determine the cause of her acid-base balance and the degree to which compensation,if any,is present.

Sensible water loss includes water lost through feces and urine while insensible water loss includes water lost through sweating and evaporation.

Identify the hormones responsible for increasing sodium ion retention.

Which of the following is an excess accumulation of interstitial fluid?

Predict the effects of hyperaldosteronism (excess aldosterone production)on potassium ion balance.

Explain the direction in which water moves between compartments as it relates to gradients involving hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure.

Discuss edema and some causes of edema.

Discuss the compensation for metabolic alkalosis.

Angiotensin-II restores fluid-homeostasis when dehydration occurs due to inadequate fluid intake.Which of the following is NOT an effect of angiotensin-II?

Mr.Jenkins spent the afternoon working and sweating in the yard on a hot summer day.Explain why he should avoid waiting until the end of completing his yard work to consume large amounts of water to quench his thirst.

What condition accompanies overhydration,or hypotonic hydration?