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The most abundant gas in the earth's atmosphere is


A) oxygen.
B) water vapor.
C) argon.
D) nitrogen.
E) carbon dioxide.

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At what partial pressure of oxygen do half the heme groups in human blood have oxygen bound?


A) 30 mm Hg
B) 100 mm Hg
C) 70 mm Hg
D) 104 mm Hg
E) all of these

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Most of the carbon dioxide produced by the body is transported to the lungs


A) in gaseous form.
B) in blood plasma.
C) as carbaminohemoglobin.
D) as bicarbonate ions.
E) as carbonic acid.

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Which of the following is false?


A) All respiratory surfaces must be kept moist.
B) The amount of gas diffusing across a respiratory membrane is dependent upon the surface area and the partial pressure of each gas.
C) The surface area of a growing cell increases at the same rate as its volume.
D) Ventilation maintains partial pressure gradients between the atmosphere and the lungs.
E) Breathing and ventilation are equivalent in respiration.

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All of the following characterize nitrogen narcosis EXCEPT


A) muscle cramps.
B) neural signal disruption.
C) euphoria.
D) drowsiness.
E) weakness.

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Emphysema affects about __________ million people in the United States in a given year.


A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

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The movement of both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body is accomplished by


A) exocytosis and endocytosis.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) osmosis.
D) simple diffusion.
E) active transport.

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Oxyhemoglobin tends to give up oxygen where


A) the pH is low.
B) the tissues are warmer.
C) the partial pressure of O2 is low.
D) the partial pressure of CO2 is high.
E) all of these occur.

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During normal exhalation,


A) the diaphragm relaxes.
B) the intercostal muscles relax.
C) the pressure in the lungs increases.
D) the lung volume decreases.
E) all of these occur.

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Myoglobin is different from hemoglobin in that it


A) is a protein.
B) is a pigment.
C) stores oxygen.
D) has an affinity for oxygen.
E) is composed of multiple protein chains.

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Which of the following is true regarding chronic bronchitis?


A) It is a leading cause of lung cancer.
B) The lungs become elastic.
C) It can lead to emphysema.
D) The alveoli shrink.
E) All of these are true.

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