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Describe the changes in parenting style that often emerge following a family divorce,focusing on the patterns typically seen in custodial mothers and noncustodial fathers.

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Following a family divorce, there are of...

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Which of the following best summarizes the recent Canadian statistics regarding childbearing among married couples?


A) They have children immediately once they are married, but have fewer children.
B) They postpone childbearing but then have multiple children, closely spaced together in age.
C) They postpone childbearing and opt for a small number of children.
D) They have children immediately once they are married, and have multiple children, closely spaced in age.

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Gordon and Phillip are biological brothers who were born three years apart and were raised in a traditional family environment.Throughout their lives together,they have fought over many different issues.Now that both are adolescents,their parents are worried about whether their sibling rivalry will escalate.Based on current research,what should their parents expect will happen in the relationship between their sons?


A) It will be filled with rising intense rivalry and become a source of major family stress and conflict.
B) It will become more egalitarian, and competition or rivalry will most likely decline.
C) It will continue in much the same way; the nature of sibling relationships does not change after the elementary-school years.
D) It will decrease tension in the family as they will likely begin to ignore or isolate themselves from each other.

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Bernard is a 16-year-old who wants to go on a three-day trip with his friends to see a music concert.Some of his friends are female,and so they plan on renting two adjacent hotel rooms.He tells his parents about this trip,and asks if he can go.Which response would be typical of Bernard's authoritarian parents?


A) "Absolutely not. Case closed."
B) "Do whatever you want. It's your life. "
C) "Let's sit down and discuss this. We're not sure it's a good idea, but we'd like to hear all the details. We can probably work something out."
D) "We don't think it's a good idea, but if you really want to go, it's okay with us."

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What does the term parental acceptance describe?


A) the level of restriction that a parent directs toward a child
B) the total amount of time the parent spends interacting with the child
C) the amount of affection that a parent displays toward a child
D) the fit between the parent's and the child's temperament

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How do the developmental achievements of children tend to change as the number of parental marital transitions increases?


A) They improve due to an increase in the variety of role models.
B) They worsen due to inconsistent parenting.
C) They improve depending on context.
D) They remain constant.

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What percentage of Canadian families are headed by a single parent?


A) 20 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 50 percent

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Which pattern of child rearing has been found to be associated with the highest cognitive and social competencies in grade-school children?


A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) permissive
D) uninvolved

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Compared to high-SES parents,low-SES parents are more likely to have which type of parenting style?


A) permissive
B) authoritarian
C) neglecting
D) authoritative

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Research findings support the conclusion that urban,African American mothers are more likely to exhibit what type of disciplinary style?


A) permissive
B) uninvolved
C) firm with rationales
D) coercive

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Which of the following characterizes the research findings regarding the effect of socioeconomic status on child-rearing practices?


A) There are no consistent differences in parenting style that are dependent on social class.
B) Upper- and middle-class parents place more stress on respect for authority, and staying out of trouble.
C) Upper- and middle-class parents tend to be more authoritative and place more stress on independence and ambition.
D) Economically disadvantaged and working-class parents tend to be more permissive and stress the importance of independence and ambition.

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What does research on the impact of divorce on children and families indicate about behaviour after the divorce?


A) Parenting and child behaviour often deteriorate for a year or more during the divorce crisis.
B) Parenting and child behaviour often deteriorate at the time of the separation and divorce but immediately recover.
C) Children tend to become demanding and manipulative, whereas parents tend to become permissive and overindulgent.
D) Parenting style shows little change during the divorce crisis, but children often react with aggressive fear or anger responses because of losing a parent.

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Identify three factors that increase the risk of a parent engaging in child abuse.

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1) Substance abuse: Parents who struggle...

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According to the results of several cross-cultural research studies,distinct differences exist between the parenting practices of Asian and North American parents.Which statement best characterizes the behaviour of parents of Asian descent,regardless of where they were raised?


A) They are authoritative.
B) They use coercive forms of discipline.
C) They are authoritarian.
D) They stress interdependence and competitiveness.

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Which conclusion is best supported by current research evidence regarding the sexual orientation of most children who are reared by cohabiting same-sex parents?


A) They voluntarily choose homosexual orientation because of social learning.
B) They have genetic factors that increase the likelihood of being homosexual.
C) They become homosexuals themselves due to cognitive schemas.
D) They are just as likely to be heterosexual as are children who are reared by heterosexuals.

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Identify some of the methods that have been developed to prevent child abuse and neglect.

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Based upon modern research evidence,which of the following best characterizes the development outcomes for children who are raised by homosexual versus heterosexual parents?


A) They are equally likely to be psychologically well adjusted.
B) They are less likely to become socially withdrawn during adolescence.
C) They are equally likely to be academically successful, yet are more likely to show delays in emotional development.
D) They are more likely to show delays in the development of a personal identity.

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Elizabeth is a 16-year-old who wants to go on a camping trip for the upcoming weekend with a group of her friends,some of whom are male.She tells her parents about this idea on Monday night.Which type of response would be typical of Elizabeth's authoritative parents?


A) "Absolutely not. Case closed."
B) "Do whatever you want. It's your life. We won't be home either."
C) "Let's sit down and discuss this. We're not sure it's a good idea."
D) "We don't think it's a good idea, but if you really want to go, it's okay with us."

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Discuss some of the ethnic and cultural variations that have been identified in parenting styles.

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What parental characteristic is positively correlated with the degree of sibling rivalry?


A) socioeconomic status
B) levels of educational achievement
C) level of marital conflict
D) efforts to monitor children's activities

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