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Braunz has been treating a child with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. She decides to write a prescription for Ritalin. Given this information, it is most likely that Dr. Braunz is a


A) psychiatrist.
B) psychoanalyst.
C) humanistic psychologist.
D) school psychologist.
E) psychiatric social worker.

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Choose two of the four following types of psychologists and describe some of the tasks these individuals are likely to perform: (a) environmental psychologists (b) forensic psychologists (c) sports psychologists (d) school psychologists

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A scientist who asks people which memory strategies they use in their daily lives would be said to be conducting a(n)


A) experiment.
B) case study.
C) survey.
D) clinical trial.
E) naturalistic observation.

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Which of the following questions could be answered best by using the survey method?


A) What is the effect of ingesting alcohol on problem-solving ability?
B) Does wall color affect the frequency of violence in prison populations?
C) Do students prefer a grading system with or without pluses and minuses?
D) What is the relationship between the number of hours of study per week and grade point average?
E) What is the relationship between alcohol consumption and driving ability?

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Hefner wants to test the effects of Viagra on sexual desire. Dr. Hefner's research assistant (who is unaware of what the study is testing) randomly gives 50 males the drug while 50 males receive a placebo. (The study subjects are also unaware of the treatment that they are getting.) This would be described as a


A) correlational study.
B) double-blind study.
C) study with no control group.
D) study with two independent variables.
E) study that would be difficult to replicate.

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Which type of research study would best be used to determine how aggressive children are while playing in a schoolyard during recess?


A) confounding
B) case study
C) introspection
D) naturalistic observation
E) experiment

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Which of the following would be correctly described as a whole-person perspective in psychology?


A) humanistic psychology
B) cognitive psychology
C) developmental psychology
D) sociocultural psychology
E) Gestalt psychology

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According to the authors, various forms of pseudo-psychology base their ideas on all EXCEPT which of the following?


A) the scientific method
B) hope
C) confirmation bias
D) anecdotes
E) human gullibility

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Modern psychology is best considered to be a


A) collection of pieces of folk wisdom.
B) series of contradictions to be sorted out.
C) science.
D) therapeutic process.
E) pseudoscience.

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Jenna wants to learn whether men or women are better drivers. To determine this, she decides that she will measure driving ability by examining the number of automobile accidents people have been involved in as a driver. The number of accidents is the basis of


A) her control group in this study.
B) a theory of good driving.
C) the independent variable in this study.
D) the operational definition of driving ability.
E) a case study examination of driving ability.

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Marcia believes that people have an internal set of conditions that are largely responsible for determining their actions in life. Marcia would probably be most affiliated with which school of psychological thought?


A) trait and temperament psychology
B) behavioral psychology
C) structuralism
D) functionalism
E) Gestalt psychology

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French philosopher RenΓ© Descartes most likely would believe that individuals suffer from schizophrenia due to


A) irrational ways of interpreting events in the world.
B) unconscious conflicts involving sexuality and aggression.
C) whether an individual lives in a destructive society.
D) the upbringing of the person.
E) activity within the person's nervous system.

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What is the main difference between an experiment and a correlational study?


A) A correlational study involves the manipulation of variables, while an experiment does not.
B) An experiment looks at the relationship between independent and dependent variables, while a correlational study looks at the relationship between within-group and between-group variables.
C) A correlational study looks at the relationship between independent and dependent variables, while an experiment looks at the relationship between within-group and between-group variables.
D) An experiment involves the manipulation of variables, while a correlational study does not.
E) An experiment involves naturalistic observation, while a correlational study involves laboratory work.

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A cognitive psychologist has been studying aggression in teens. Which of the following is most likely to be the title of her latest study?


A) "The Consequences of Teen Violence"
B) "The Family Dynamics of Violent Teens"
C) "Social Pressures that Produce Violent Teens"
D) "The Use of Medications to Control Aggression in Teens"
E) "The Reasons Why Teens Say They Act Violently"

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Teddipembs is a psychologist who has gone through graduate school, is licensed, and has a private practice where she sees clients on a daily basis. Which of the following is the highest degree that she has probably earned?


A) MD
B) MSW
C) EdD
D) DDiv
E) BS

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The ________ perspective argues that other people have a large influence on our own behaviors.


A) engineering
B) sociocultural
C) cognitive
D) structuralist
E) humanistic

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Which of the following is NOT a drawback to correlational studies?


A) Researchers must give up some control of the research conditions.
B) One can never ensure that groups are comparable in every way.
C) Subjects cannot be assigned randomly to the various conditions.
D) The results may not hold true in the real world outside of the laboratory.
E) It cannot be determined whether one variable caused a change in the other.

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An important point from the authors' discussion on why people need to care about the dangers of pseudo-psychology-demonstrated by the issue of vaccinations and the erroneous belief that they cause autistic disorder-is that


A) harm rarely results from pseudo-psychological beliefs or treatments.
B) a lack of critical thinking may lead to poor decisions that affects one's personal life, including physical or emotional health.
C) people are often quite accurate and unbiased in their day-to-day decision-making.
D) quackery and pseudo-psychology are especially easy to detect without exposure to critical thinking or skepticism.
E) the more people listen to pseudo-psychology, the more accurate the claims of that pseudo-psychology? become.

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After the abduction and murder of a well-known business leader, lawmakers immediately passed new legislation for increased penalties. This is an example of ________ bias.


A) confirmation
B) realistic
C) volitional
D) reactive
E) emotional

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Which correlation coefficient is most likely to describe the relationship between brushing one's teeth and the number of cavities one gets?


A) -.62
B) .83
C) -.08
D) .45
E) -1.78

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