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Exam 19: Viruses

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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-Which of the three types of viruses shown above would you expect to include glycoproteins?

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and II only
E) all three

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Question 22

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following characteristics, structures, or processes is common to both bacteria and viruses?

A) metabolism
B) ribosomes
C) genetic material composed of nucleic acid
D) cell division
E) independent existence

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Question 23

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Refer to the treatments listed below to answer the following questions. You isolate an infectious substance that is capable of causing disease in plants, but you do not know whether the infectious agent is a bacterium, virus, viroid, or prion. You have four methods at your disposal that you can use to analyze the substance in order to determine the nature of the infectious agent. I. treating the substance with nucleases that destroy all nucleic acids and then determining whether it is still infectious II. filtering the substance to remove all elements smaller than what can be easily seen under a light microscope III. culturing the substance by itself on nutritive medium, away from any plant cells IV. treating the sample with proteases that digest all proteins and then determining whether it is still infectious -Which treatment could definitively determine whether or not the component is a viroid?

Use the following information to answer the following questions. In 1971, David Baltimore described a scheme for classifying viruses based on how the virus produces mRNA. The table below shows the results of testing five viruses for nuclease specificity, the ability of the virus to act as an mRNA, and presence (+) or absence (-) of its own viral polymerase. -Based on the above table, which virus meets the Baltimore requirements for a retrovirus?

Which of the following series best reflects what we know about how the flu virus moves between species?

Which of the following accounts for someone who has had a herpesvirus-mediated cold sore or genital sore getting flare-ups for the rest of his or her life?

-A linear piece of viral DNA of 8 kb can be cut with either of two restriction enzymes (X or Y) . These are subjected to electrophoresis and produce the following bands: Cutting the same 8 kb piece with both enzymes together results in bands at 4.0, 2.5, 1.0, and 0.5. Of the possible arrangements of the sites given below, which one is most likely?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. Some viruses can be crystallized and their structures analyzed. One such virus is Desmodium, or yellow mottle virus, which infects beans. This is a member of the tymovirus group and has a single-stranded RNA genome of ~6,300 nucleotides. Its virion is 25-30 nm in diameter, and is made up of 180 copies of a single capsid protein that self-associate to form each capsomere, which has icosahedral symmetry with 20 facets. -If this virus has capsomeres with 20 facets, how many proteins form each one?

Most human-infecting viruses are maintained in the human population only. However, a zoonosis is a disease that is transmitted from other vertebrates to humans, at least sporadically, without requiring viral mutation. Which of the following is the best example of a zoonosis?

In many ways, the regulation of the genes of a particular group of viruses will be similar to the regulation of the host genes. Therefore, which of the following would you expect of the genes of the bacteriophage?

Use the following information to answer the questions below. Some viruses can be crystallized and their structures analyzed. One such virus is Desmodium, or yellow mottle virus, which infects beans. This is a member of the tymovirus group and has a single-stranded RNA genome of ~6,300 nucleotides. Its virion is 25-30 nm in diameter, and is made up of 180 copies of a single capsid protein that self-associate to form each capsomere, which has icosahedral symmetry with 20 facets. -In a cell-free system, what other components would you have to provide for this virus to express its genes?

A researcher lyses a cell that contains nucleic acid molecules and capsomeres of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) . The cell contents are left in a covered test tube overnight. The next day this mixture is sprayed on tobacco plants. Which of the following would be expected to occur?

Viral envelopes can best be analyzed with which of the following techniques?

A bacterium is infected with an experimentally constructed bacteriophage composed of the T2 phage protein coat and T4 phage DNA. The new phages produced would have

Which viruses have single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis?

Which of the following describes plant virus infections?

Which of the following is the most probable fate of a newly emerging virus that causes high mortality in its host?

Use the following information to answer the following questions. In 1971, David Baltimore described a scheme for classifying viruses based on how the virus produces mRNA. The table below shows the results of testing five viruses for nuclease specificity, the ability of the virus to act as an mRNA, and presence (+) or absence (-) of its own viral polymerase. -Given Baltimore's scheme, a positive sense single-stranded RNA virus such as the polio virus would be most closely related to which of the following?

Use the following information to answer the following questions. In 1971, David Baltimore described a scheme for classifying viruses based on how the virus produces mRNA. The table below shows the results of testing five viruses for nuclease specificity, the ability of the virus to act as an mRNA, and presence (+) or absence (-) of its own viral polymerase. -Based on the above table, which virus meets the requirements for a bacteriophage?

To cause a human pandemic, the H5N1 avian flu virus would have to