Question 1

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)   None of the answers is correct.

Question 2

Polonium-208 is an alpha emitter with a half-life of 2.90 years. How many milligrams of polonium from an original sample of 2.00 mg will remain after 8.00 years?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.147 mg
B)   0.296 mg
C)   0.725 mg
D)   6.77 mg
E)   1.90 mg

Question 3

Electron capture is the capture of an electron-usually a 1s electron-by the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Electron capture is the capture of an...

Question 4

Which isotope, when bombarded with bismuth-209, would yield two neutrons and an isotope with atomic number 121 and mass number 299?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pb-211
B)   Po-209
C)   Sr-92
D)   Rn-38
E)   Sr-38

Question 5

What is the name for spontaneous emission of particles or electromagnetic radiation by certain nuclei?

Accepted Answer

A)   Protons
B)   Isotopes
C)   Radioactivity
D)   Neutrons
E)   Electrons

Question 6

It is believed that two carbon-12 nuclei can react in the core of a supergiant star to form sodium-23 and hydrogen-1. Calculate the energy released from this reaction for each mole of hydrogen formed. 26 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)  A)  2.16 × 1014 kJ B)  2.16 × 1011 kJ C)  2.16 × 108 kJ D)  2.16 × 105 kJ E)  None of the answers is correct." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > 26 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)  A)  2.16 × 1014 kJ B)  2.16 × 1011 kJ C)  2.16 × 108 kJ D)  2.16 × 105 kJ E)  None of the answers is correct." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > (1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1;
C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)

Accepted Answer

A)   2.16 × 1014 kJ
B)   2.16 × 1011 kJ
C)   2.16 × 108 kJ
D)   2.16 × 105 kJ
E)   None of the answers is correct. C

Question 7

For stable atoms of elements having low atomic numbers (≤ 20), the neutron-to-proton ratio is close to zero.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Present-day plant life has a carbon-14 decay rate of 16 disintegrations per minute (dpm)  per gram of carbon. If a contemporary wooden chair were preserved for the next 3900 years, what 14C decay rate should be expected from the wood used to make the chair? (t1/2 = 5730 yr)

Accepted Answer

A)   26 dpm
B)   12 dpm
C)   11 dpm
D)   10 dpm
E)   8 dpm

Question 9

Iodine-131, t1/2 = 8.0 days, is used in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid gland diseases. If a laboratory sample of iodine-131 initially emits 9.95 × 1018 β particles per day, how long will it take for the activity to drop to 6.22 × 1017 β particles per day?

Accepted Answer

A)   2.0 days
B)   16 days
C)   32 days
D)   128 days
E)   None of the answers is correct.

Question 10

The carbon-14 activity of some ancient Indian corn was found to be 7.0 disintegrations per minute (dpm)  per gram of carbon. If present-day plant life has 16 dpm per gram of carbon, how old is the Indian corn? (t1/2 = 5730 yr)

Accepted Answer

A)   6800 yr
B)   2500 yr
C)   4700 yr
D)   10,000 yr
E)   7200 yr

Question 11

What is the nuclear process called in which a heavy nuclear of mass number greater than 200 divides to form smaller nuclei of intermediate mass and one or more neutron(s) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Photonuclear reactions
B)   Nuclear fission
C)   Thermal conductivity
D)   Nuclear combination
E)   Nuclear fusion

Question 12

Cobalt-60 is a beta emitter with a half-life of 5.3 years. Approximately what fraction of cobalt-60 atoms will remain in a particular sample after 26.5 years?

Accepted Answer

A)   1/5
B)   1/16
C)   1/26
D)   1/32
E)   1/64

Question 13

In the following diagrams, A represents a radioactive isotope that decays into a new isotope, X. Each circle represents 1 mmol of atoms. t = 0: 21 disintegrations per second C)  3.00 disintegrations per second D)  7.23 × 1019 disintegrations per second E)  1.38 × 10-20 disintegrations per second" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > t = 25.0 s: 21 disintegrations per second C)  3.00 disintegrations per second D)  7.23 × 1019 disintegrations per second E)  1.38 × 10-20 disintegrations per second" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > Over the first 25.0 s, what is the disintegration rate of A?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.120 disintegrations per second
B)   1.81 × 1021 disintegrations per second
C)   3.00 disintegrations per second
D)   7.23 × 1019 disintegrations per second
E)   1.38 × 10-20 disintegrations per second

Question 14

Sodium-21 will emit positrons, each having an energy of 4.0 × 10-13 J. What is this energy in MeV? (1 MeV = 1.602 × 10-13 J)

Accepted Answer

A)   4.0 × 10-7 MeV
B)   2.5 MeV
C)   40 MeV
D)   2.5 × 106 MeV
E)   2.5 × 10-6 MeV

Question 15

Which is an incorrect representation of the indicated particle or nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 16

What is the name for the minimum mass of fissionable material required to generate a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the name for the minimum...

Question 17

In passing through matter, alpha particles lose energy chiefly by causing

Accepted Answer

A)   fermentation.
B)   neutralization.
C)   ionization.
D)   condensation.
E)   carbonation.

Question 18

What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon for 26 amu; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)  Particle Mass (amu)    24.985839   1.007276   1.008665 A)  0.214 J/nucleon B)  3.20 × 10-11 J/nucleon C)  1.28 × 10-12 J/nucleon D)  0.999 J/nucleon E)  7.35 × 10-11 J/nucleon" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > ? (1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu;
C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s) 
Particle Mass (amu)  26 amu; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)  Particle Mass (amu)    24.985839   1.007276   1.008665 A)  0.214 J/nucleon B)  3.20 × 10-11 J/nucleon C)  1.28 × 10-12 J/nucleon D)  0.999 J/nucleon E)  7.35 × 10-11 J/nucleon" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > 24.985839 26 amu; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)  Particle Mass (amu)    24.985839   1.007276   1.008665 A)  0.214 J/nucleon B)  3.20 × 10-11 J/nucleon C)  1.28 × 10-12 J/nucleon D)  0.999 J/nucleon E)  7.35 × 10-11 J/nucleon" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > 1.007276 26 amu; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)  Particle Mass (amu)    24.985839   1.007276   1.008665 A)  0.214 J/nucleon B)  3.20 × 10-11 J/nucleon C)  1.28 × 10-12 J/nucleon D)  0.999 J/nucleon E)  7.35 × 10-11 J/nucleon" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > 1.008665

Accepted Answer

A)   0.214 J/nucleon
B)   3.20 × 10-11 J/nucleon
C)   1.28 × 10-12 J/nucleon
D)   0.999 J/nucleon
E)   7.35 × 10-11 J/nucleon

Question 19

Gamma rays are high energy electrons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 20

Which of the following is injected into the bloodstream to trace the flow of blood and detect possible constrictions or obstructions in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)   (18O) 
B)   (131I) 
C)   (123I) 
D)   (24Na) 
E)   (99Tc)  D

Exam 20: Nuclear Chemistry

Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Polonium-208 is an alpha emitter with a half-life of 2.90 years. How many milligrams of polonium from an original sample of 2.00 mg will remain after 8.00 years?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Electron capture is the capture of an electron-usually a 1s electron-by the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which isotope, when bombarded with bismuth-209, would yield two neutrons and an isotope with atomic number 121 and mass number 299?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the name for spontaneous emission of particles or electromagnetic radiation by certain nuclei?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is believed that two carbon-12 nuclei can react in the core of a supergiant star to form sodium-23 and hydrogen-1. Calculate the energy released from this reaction for each mole of hydrogen formed. (1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)

Correct AnswerverifiedC

For stable atoms of elements having low atomic numbers (≤ 20), the neutron-to-proton ratio is close to zero.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Present-day plant life has a carbon-14 decay rate of 16 disintegrations per minute (dpm) per gram of carbon. If a contemporary wooden chair were preserved for the next 3900 years, what 14C decay rate should be expected from the wood used to make the chair? (t1/2 = 5730 yr)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Iodine-131, t1/2 = 8.0 days, is used in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid gland diseases. If a laboratory sample of iodine-131 initially emits 9.95 × 1018 β particles per day, how long will it take for the activity to drop to 6.22 × 1017 β particles per day?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The carbon-14 activity of some ancient Indian corn was found to be 7.0 disintegrations per minute (dpm) per gram of carbon. If present-day plant life has 16 dpm per gram of carbon, how old is the Indian corn? (t1/2 = 5730 yr)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the nuclear process called in which a heavy nuclear of mass number greater than 200 divides to form smaller nuclei of intermediate mass and one or more neutron(s) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cobalt-60 is a beta emitter with a half-life of 5.3 years. Approximately what fraction of cobalt-60 atoms will remain in a particular sample after 26.5 years?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the following diagrams, A represents a radioactive isotope that decays into a new isotope, X. Each circle represents 1 mmol of atoms. t = 0: t = 25.0 s: Over the first 25.0 s, what is the disintegration rate of A?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sodium-21 will emit positrons, each having an energy of 4.0 × 10-13 J. What is this energy in MeV? (1 MeV = 1.602 × 10-13 J)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is an incorrect representation of the indicated particle or nucleus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the name for the minimum mass of fissionable material required to generate a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In passing through matter, alpha particles lose energy chiefly by causing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon for ? (1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s) Particle Mass (amu) 24.985839 1.007276 1.008665

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gamma rays are high energy electrons.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Which of the following is injected into the bloodstream to trace the flow of blood and detect possible constrictions or obstructions in the circulatory system?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

It is believed that two carbon-12 nuclei can react in the core of a supergiant star to form sodium-23 and hydrogen-1. Calculate the energy released from this reaction for each mole of hydrogen formed. (1 kg = 6.022 × 10²⁶ amu; N_A = 6.022 × 10²³ mol^-1; C = 2.99792458 × 10⁸ m/s)

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Present-day plant life has a carbon-14 decay rate of 16 disintegrations per minute (dpm) per gram of carbon. If a contemporary wooden chair were preserved for the next 3900 years, what ¹⁴C decay rate should be expected from the wood used to make the chair? (t_1/2 = 5730 yr)

Correct Answer
verified

Iodine-131, t_1/2= 8.0 days, is used in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid gland diseases. If a laboratory sample of iodine-131 initially emits 9.95 × 10¹⁸ β particles per day, how long will it take for the activity to drop to 6.22 × 10¹⁷ β particles per day?

Correct Answer
verified

The carbon-14 activity of some ancient Indian corn was found to be 7.0 disintegrations per minute (dpm) per gram of carbon. If present-day plant life has 16 dpm per gram of carbon, how old is the Indian corn? (t_1/2 = 5730 yr)

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Sodium-21 will emit positrons, each having an energy of 4.0 × 10^-13 J. What is this energy in MeV? (1 MeV = 1.602 × 10^-13 J)

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon for ? (1 kg = 6.022 × 10²⁶ amu; C = 2.99792458 × 10⁸ m/s) Particle Mass (amu) 24.985839 1.007276 1.008665

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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False

Correct Answer
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D