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Haley is passionate about the environment and wildlife preservation and has decided to join the Sierra Club. The main reason Haley has decided to join the interest group is not to receive an exclusive benefit as a member, but instead to work toward improving and preserving the environment and wildlife so her own generation and future generations can enjoy the beauty of nature for years to come. Which type of benefit does the Sierra Club offer for Haley?


A) a material benefit
B) an exclusive benefit
C) a solidary benefit
D) a purposive benefit

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There are numerous noneconomic interest groups that seek to influence public policy in America today. Choose one noneconomic interest group you are familiar with and briefly describe it. Is it a public-interest group, issue or ideological group, or a government interest group? What are some characteristics of the group that make it that type of group?

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Veronica has decided to join an interest group that has an overall goal of making politics more accessible to average American citizens and empowering them in the process. The group offers several options for informing citizens about various candidates running for office at every level of government, provides information about the voting process, and connects people with others in the area who want to learn more about American politics. Which type of group is this?


A) a public-interest group
B) a professional group
C) a government interest group
D) an issue and ideological group

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Involvement in interest groups is protected by which amendment?


A) the First Amendment
B) the Third Amendment
C) the Ninth Amendment
D) the Tenth Amendment

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A group like the American Civil Liberties Union that advocates for broader policies that conform to a certain system of beliefs are considered ______.


A) issue groups
B) economic groups
C) ideological groups
D) special interest groups

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What is the iron triangle?


A) the competition between interest groups focused on political, economic, and social policy
B) an informal group of individuals and organizations focused on specific political or social issues
C) a broad array of actors that work to influence a policy area in which they have a vested interest
D) the interaction of interest groups, executive agencies, and lawmakers to form policy

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What is the relationship between the size of an interest group and the power that group has over the policymaking process?


A) Groups that have fewer members tend to have greater influence over public policy.
B) The size of the interest group does not matter as much as the wealth of the interest group.
C) An interest group that has more members will also have more influence over public policy.
D) Interest groups that have more members are usually disorganized and less effective.

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What was the primary goal of Federalist No. 10?


A) to outline John Locke's theories to average citizens
B) to explain the power of the executive branch
C) to ease fears about increased government power
D) to warn against the dangers of factionalism

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James Madison warned about the dangers of the influence factions on the central government, which are known today as ______.


A) interest groups
B) political parties
C) private clubs
D) social groups

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Professionals who work in areas like healthcare, law, and real estate work to influence public policy through which type of interest group?


A) trade associations
B) labor unions
C) professional associations
D) business groups

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One of the largest interest groups in America is the AARP, which represents the interests of senior citizens and advocates for policies that benefit them. One of the reasons the AARP has been able to maintain such a large membership is because they provide exclusive discounts to their members. What are these discounts an example of?


A) solidary benefits
B) purposive benefits
C) expressive benefits
D) material benefits

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Which actor is most likely to be part of an issue network?


A) a member of Congress
B) an executive agency
C) an interest group
D) a researcher

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Benefits that are tangible and exclusive to members of an interest group are known as ______.


A) expressive benefits
B) material benefits
C) purposive benefits
D) solidary benefits

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When interest groups communicate with government officials by mobilizing constituents, it is known as ______.


A) bribery
B) grassroots lobbying
C) launching a persuasion campaign
D) engaging in litigation

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What are intergovernmental lobbies?


A) interest groups that exist within the committees and subcommittees of Congress
B) interest groups collectively representing states, cities, and other governments
C) organizations of special interests within executive bureaucratic agencies
D) interest groups that work to influence intergovernmental organizations like the U.N.

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Business groups that attempt to influence environmental laws, labor laws, and product safety standards are considered economic interest groups.

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Why might an individual opt to join an interest group?


A) They offer greater exposure to elected officials.
B) They guarantee results to their members.
C) They are more effective at passing legislation.
D) They offer exclusive contact with representatives.

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It is clear that lobbying is critical to interest groups' success in influencing public policy. But lobbyists are also seen as necessary agents in policymaking from public officials' perspective because ______.


A) their perspective and expertise are useful in crafting effective policies
B) the gifts and donations they provide help to speed up the policymaking process
C) they often act as mediators between parties, helping to overcome federal gridlock
D) the process of competitive lobbying helps officials to craft bipartisan policies

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Organizations that focus their efforts on specific concerns are considered which type of interest group?


A) economic interest groups
B) partisan groups
C) issue groups
D) public-interest groups

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Which option best describes a persuasion campaign?


A) a special type of campaign that launches negative attacks against a candidate's opponent
B) a media campaign that aims to influence the public to support the group's position on an issue
C) a campaign conducted during a presidential election that urges people to vote for a candidate
D) a grassroots campaign that mobilizes average Americans to vote for a particular candidate or issue

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