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Which of the following is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?


A) rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → nucleus
B) Golgi → rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane
C) rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane
D) rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

Correct Answer

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Which of the following would be most appropriate method to observe and measure the size of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?


A) a hand lens (magnifying glass)
B) standard light microscopy
C) scanning electron microscopy
D) transmission electron microscopy

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Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?


A) chloroplast
B) central vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) centriole

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Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through ________.


A) plasmodesmata
B) tight junctions
C) desmosomes
D) gap junctions

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Spherocytosis is a human blood disorder associated with a defective cytoskeletal protein in the red blood cells (RBCs) . What do you suspect is the consequence of such a defect?


A) abnormally shaped RBCs
B) an insufficient supply of ATP in the RBCs
C) an insufficient supply of oxygen-transporting proteins in the RBCs
D) adherence of RBCs to blood vessel walls, causing plaque formation

Correct Answer

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Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle is most likely defective in this condition?


A) the lysosome
B) the Golgi apparatus
C) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) the rough endoplasmic reticulum

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Which of the following organelles produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?


A) lysosome
B) mitochondrion
C) Golgi apparatus
D) peroxisome

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Cells require which of the following to form cilia or flagella?


A) tubulin
B) laminin
C) actin
D) intermediate filaments

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Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the


A) mitochondria.
B) ribosomes.
C) peroxisomes.
D) lysosomes.

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A characteristic 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules is associated with ________.


A) bacterial flagella
B) eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia
C) eukaryotic flagella, motile cilia, and nonmotile cilia
D) centrioles and basal bodies

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Which of the following structures form cytoplasmic channels that connect adjacent plant cells through the cell walls?


A) desmosomes
B) gap junctions
C) plasmodesmata
D) tight junctions

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The nuclear lamina is an array of intermediate filaments that line the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a chemical treatment caused the lamina to disassemble, what would you expect to be the most likely immediate consequence?


A) closing of nuclear pores
B) the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division
C) a loss of genetic information from chromosomes
D) a change in the shape of the nucleus

Correct Answer

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Which of the following will have the greatest ratio of surface area to volume?


A) A box that is 2×2×2.
B) A box that is 1×1×1.
C) A box that is 2×2×1.
D) A box that is 1×1×2.

Correct Answer

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Which domains of life are classified as prokaryotes?


A) Bacteria and Eukarya
B) Bacteria and Archaea
C) Archaea and Fungi
D) Bacteria and Protista

Correct Answer

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Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?


A) chloroplast
B) central vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) centriole

Correct Answer

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Gaucher disease is the most common of lipid storage diseases in humans. It is caused by a deficiency of an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of lipids. This leads to the accumulation of fatty material in organs of the body including the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain, and bone marrow. Using your knowledge of the structure of eukaryotic cells, identify the statement below that best explains how internal membranes and the organelles of cells may be involved in Gaucher disease.


A) The mitochondria are most likely defective and do not produce adequate amounts of ATP needed for cellular energy.
B) The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains too many ribosomes, which results in an overproduction of the enzyme involved in lipid breakdown.
C) The lysosomes lack sufficient amounts of enzymes necessary for the metabolism of lipids.
D) The Golgi apparatus produces vesicles with faulty membranes, which fail to be transported to the plasma membrane for secretion.

Correct Answer

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Cilia and flagella bend because of ________.


A) conformational changes in ATP that thrust microtubules laterally
B) a motor protein called radial spokes
C) contraction by myosin
D) a motor protein called dynein

Correct Answer

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Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?


A) in lysosomes
B) in the Golgi apparatus
C) in the nucleolus
D) in mitochondria

Correct Answer

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Researchers investigating the mechanism of vesicular transport assembled a cell-free system that included microtubule tracks, vesicles, and ATP. However, they observed no movement of transport of vesicles in this system. What were they missing?


A) an axon
B) contractile microfilaments
C) intermediate filaments
D) motor proteins

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Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease?


A) lysosomes
B) Golgi apparatus
C) mitochondria
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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