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Exam 2: Evolution of Research in Building Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

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Question 1

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How does quantitative research contribute to evidence-based practice?

A) It provides facts that nurses can add to their knowledge base. This makes practice more objective and quantifiable.
B) It provides scientific support for policies already in place. More evidence makes an existent policy more defensible.
C) It provides evidence of opposing policies already in place. Evidence in opposition to policies may result in new policies.
D) It allows the nurse to understand the personal experience of illness and the meaning the client attaches to it. This engenders compassion.
E) It contributes evidence that will make nursing practice almost completely evidence-based, eliminating different styles of nursing practice.

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Question 2

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Ethnographic research might focus upon which topics?

A) Bacterial cultures
B) Cultural beliefs of the ancient Romans
C) How children in Alaska play during the winter
D) The members of Alcoholics Anonymous who share 20 years of abstinence
E) The mentoring process in a labor-delivery unit
F) Conversational Spanish

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Question 3

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A researcher is operating from the point of view of logical positivism. Which research methods would the logical positivist use?

A newly employed nurse administrator wants to know more about the employees on the units the administrator supervises. The manager accesses the managerial database and gathers data about all of the current employees on the unit, including work shift, number of years employed, age, gender, educational preparation, certifications, work history, and professional accomplishments, analyzing the data statistically. What type of quantitative research is this?

A researcher conducts many interviews, over a 1-year period, with women in the treatment phase of breast cancer, all of whom are attending a breast cancer support group, in order to understand what happens in the support group, how the members are affected by membership, and how the members contribute to the group. The researcher herself is also in treatment for breast cancer and is a member of the support group. What type of research is this?

Which of the following are true of quantitative research and quantitative researchers?

A panel of researchers conducts several studies, all drawn from an existent hospital and clinic database. The studies focus on quality and effectiveness within that system. The specific studies address mortality rates in elders within a year after hip fracture, functional outcomes 6 months after admission to a neurosurgical ICU after traumatic brain injury, rate of nurse injuries in an emergency department, and number of patient falls on various floors of the hospital. What type of research is this?

Florence Nightingale researched mortality and morbidity rates in soldiers during the Crimean War and investigated various factors that influenced both, presenting her results as pie charts and graphs. Consequently, it is known that she conducted which types of research?

If a nurse manager wants to study how well last year's policies governing implementation of a "bundle" of interventions to prevent cross-contamination of MRSA has been working in the manager's units, which of the following strategies would the manager be most likely to use?

Early nursing research by Nightingale focused on improving patient outcomes. What were the principal topics for the next wave of nursing research, in the first half of the 20th century?

In which ways does the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) initiative relate to research?

A researcher uses interviews with two or three open-ended questions to study women in the staging phase of breast cancer treatment, in order to understand their experiences and the meanings they attribute to those experiences. What type of research is this?

A researcher publishes a paper describing and explaining how faith, pain, adherence to therapy, and meditation interact during the rehabilitation process. The description of the process is based on many interviews the researcher conducted with persons during and following rehabilitation experiences. Which type of methodology did this research employ?

A researcher uses an interview with eight open-ended questions to study women in a new multi-staging phase of breast cancer treatment, which includes serial biopsies and necessitates weekly closed biopsy, in order to understand more about social factors that impinge upon their experience. What type of research is this?

Which statements about quantitative research are accurate?

What does appropriate generalization require?

Which statements are true of the Cochrane Center and Cochrane Collaboration, begun in the 1970s by Professor Archie Cochrane?

Which statements about qualitative research are accurate?

A human resources employee performs research focusing on the professional life span of nurses within this particular institution and tries to discover whether their choice of work area is connected with the number of years they work in the institution. What type of quantitative research is this?

In a rehabilitation unit, patients are randomly assigned to high fiber diets versus ordinary fiber diets, in order to measure the effect on constipation. What type of quantitative research is this?