Question 1

The size of preindustrial cities was restricted by all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   threats from neighboring cities
B)   the absence of modern medicine and sanitation
C)   the lack of sidewalks and streets
D)   poor transportation

Question 2

A population pyramid shows the distribution of

Accepted Answer

A)   minorities in a population.
B)   population by age and sex.
C)   population by income.
D)   population by occupation. B

Question 3

More than half of the world's population now lives in cities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

________________ is the science dealing with the size, distribution, composition, and changes in population.

Accepted Answer

A)   Sociology
B)   Ecology
C)   Demography
D)   Homography

Question 5

Environmental sociologists propose that sociological theory should be formulated with four important principles in mind. Which of the following is NOT one of the principles?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ecological laws cannot be ignored without threatening the system that supports life.
B)   Human life is possible because human beings are interdependent with many other species.
C)   Human social structures and cultural factors alone can explain human activities.
D)   The biophysical world imposes significant restraints on what humans may do.

Question 6

Sustainability is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   being sure we have access to the resources we need and that other countries are not able to take more than their share.
B)   living so as to maximize the chances that environmental and social conditions will indefinitely support human security, well-being, and health.
C)   giving businesses access to the resources they need to sustain their profits.
D)   preventing politicians from helping some special-interest groups at the cost of others.

Question 7

The number of live births per 1,000 members of a population in a given year is the __________ rate.

Accepted Answer

A)   crude birth
B)   general fertility
C)   age-specific fertility
D)   fecundity

Question 8

According to demographer Richard Easterlin,

Accepted Answer

A)   small generations typically produce large generations, and large generations typically produce smaller ones.
B)   members of smaller birth cohorts recognize the benefits of a small population and thus have fewer children.
C)   smaller birth cohorts may experience more competition for jobs when they enter the work force.
D)   because of a "contagion effect," members of larger birth cohorts have large families themselves and perpetuate the increasing population growth. A

Question 9

Conflict theorists argue that large corporations lobby in Congress for legislative measures that

Accepted Answer

A)   benefit society by promoting economic growth.
B)   benefit the corporations and do not limit their profits.
C)   increase government surveillance of pollution processes.
D)   protect the environment for future generations.

Question 10

For most of the past 200 years, the largest cities in the world have been industrial urban centers in Europe and North America.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The _________________ consists of all surrounding conditions and influences that affect an organism or a group or organisms.

Accepted Answer

A)   society
B)   behavioral sink
C)   ecosystem
D)   environment

Question 12

Global cities are characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)   a classless society in which everyone is relatively wealthy.
B)   a society with no ethnic or racial divisions.
C)   a society with a class of highly paid managers and professionals and another class of low-wage laborers.
D)   a classless society with no dominant language or dominant nationality.

Question 13

The U.S. population represents about ___ percent of the world population, and it is responsible for the consumption of ___ percent of the total energy consumed worldwide.

Accepted Answer

A)   25; 25
B)   50; 25
C)   4; 25
D)   25; 4

Question 14

Homography is the science dealing with the study of population size, distribution, and composition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Giving advantages in housing, taxes, scholarships, and recreation to single as opposed to married people illustrates a __________ to population reduction.

Accepted Answer

A)   family planning approach
B)   developmentalist approach
C)   societalist approach
D)   coercive approach

Question 16

The annual number of live births per 1,000 women between the ages of 15 and 44 is the

Accepted Answer

A)   crude birth rate.
B)   age-specific birth rate.
C)   general fertility rate.
D)   fecundity rate.

Question 17

Low agricultural productivity and low commodity prices in Mexico are examples of ___________ factors in migration patterns.

Accepted Answer

A)   pull
B)   neutral
C)   negative
D)   push

Question 18

Fertility rates are declining all over the world, but the population will expand enormously in the coming years. This is because of

Accepted Answer

A)   population acceleration.
B)   population momentum.
C)   population deprivation.
D)   population fecundity rates.

Question 19

A major problem with the family planning approach to population reduction is that it

Accepted Answer

A)   forces people to be sterilized.
B)   assumes that people want to have fewer children.
C)   argues for economic development first, then birth control.
D)   sees offspring as a form of social security.

Question 20

The number of deaths among infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births is called the

Accepted Answer

A)   crude death rate.
B)   age-specific death rate.
C)   infant morbidity rate.
D)   infant mortality rate. D

Exam 12: Population and Environment

The size of preindustrial cities was restricted by all but which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A population pyramid shows the distribution of

Correct AnswerverifiedB

More than half of the world's population now lives in cities.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________________ is the science dealing with the size, distribution, composition, and changes in population.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Environmental sociologists propose that sociological theory should be formulated with four important principles in mind. Which of the following is NOT one of the principles?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sustainability is defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The number of live births per 1,000 members of a population in a given year is the __________ rate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to demographer Richard Easterlin,

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Conflict theorists argue that large corporations lobby in Congress for legislative measures that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For most of the past 200 years, the largest cities in the world have been industrial urban centers in Europe and North America.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _________________ consists of all surrounding conditions and influences that affect an organism or a group or organisms.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Global cities are characterized by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The U.S. population represents about ___ percent of the world population, and it is responsible for the consumption of ___ percent of the total energy consumed worldwide.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Homography is the science dealing with the study of population size, distribution, and composition.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Giving advantages in housing, taxes, scholarships, and recreation to single as opposed to married people illustrates a __________ to population reduction.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The annual number of live births per 1,000 women between the ages of 15 and 44 is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Low agricultural productivity and low commodity prices in Mexico are examples of ___________ factors in migration patterns.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fertility rates are declining all over the world, but the population will expand enormously in the coming years. This is because of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major problem with the family planning approach to population reduction is that it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The number of deaths among infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births is called the

Correct AnswerverifiedD

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The U.S. population represents about _ percent of the world population, and it is responsible for the consumption of _ percent of the total energy consumed worldwide.

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