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Exam 4: Crisis and Recovery in Afro-Eurasia 1300-1500

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Question 21

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Populations in both China and Western Europe succumbed to the plague in large numbers because both had:

A) been conquered by the Mongols and had no strong political structure.
B) suffered from years of famine and food shortages that had weakened the populations.
C) little settled agriculture.
D) large pastoral populations who spread the plague.

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Question 22

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The group that eventually drove the Mongols out of China was known as:

A) the Red Turbans.
B) the Yellow Turbans.
C) the Beghards.
D) the Uighurs.

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Question 23

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Questions refer to the images below. Image A. Miniature depicting a banquet in an Ottoman coffeehouse, sixteenth century. Image B. Interior of a London coffeehouse, c. 1690-1700. -Which of the following factors drove the consumption of commodities like coffee on a global scale?

Questions refer to the image below. Devshirme in the Balkans -The expansion of the Ottoman Empire was driven primarily by which of the following?

In the late fifteenth century, Ferdinand and Isabella reacted to the Ottoman expansion by:

Rulers in both the Ottoman Empire and Ming China used monumental architecture to project imperial grandeur and power.

In Western Christendom during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, which of the following events exemplifies warfare between dynastic monarchies that attempted to consolidate their rule?

Which of the following reflects a way that ruling families in the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries consolidated their power after having established their legitimacy?

Use the passage below to answer all parts of the question that follows. "Many early histories portrayed epidemics as the seemingly inevitable effect of transplanting new germs in "virgin soil." Mass death seemed to be the horrific, but unavoidable result of introducing new microbes among people who had no prior opportunity to develop "natural defenses." However, such common interpretations of how diseases travel are seriously flawed. First, simply moving a microbe to a new location is rarely sufficient to trigger a catastrophic disease. Although a few new germs did lead to some of the most devastating disease outbreaks in history, the vast majority of new germs fall on infertile soil. . . . If every novel microbe caused an epidemic, humanity would not have survived the invention of the ocean liner. Second, the same new germ often produced significantly different effects in different physical and cultural environments. Third, diseases travel to new locations by the importation of environmental, social, and cultural changes, along with, or sometimes without, the introduction of novel germs." Martin S. Pernick Diseases in Motion (A) Identify ONE of the author's arguments that would be supported by the spread of the Black Death in the fourteenth century. (B) Identify and explain ONE of the author's arguments that is not supported by the spread of the Black Death in the fourteenth century. (C) Explain ONE environmental factor that limited the spread of the Black Death in the fourteenth century.

Questions refer to the map below. -Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning the voyages shown above?

Questions refer to the images below. Image A. Miniature depicting a banquet in an Ottoman coffeehouse, sixteenth century. Image B. Interior of a London coffeehouse, c. 1690-1700. -What do the images reveal about social norms in this time period?

Which of the following people was famous for supporting Portuguese maritime expansion in the North Atlantic and along the coast of Africa?

Use the passage below to answer all parts of the question that follows. "It is now clear that Old World plagues killed at least half the population of the Aztec, Maya, and Inca civilizations shortly before their overthrow. The sheer loss of people was devastating enough . . . but disease was also a political assassination squad, removing kings, generals, and seasoned advisers at the very time they were needed most. . . . The great death raged for more than a century. By 1600, after some twenty waves of pestilence had swept through the Americas, less than a tenth of the original population remained. Ronald Wright, Stolen Continents: The Americas Through Indian Eyes Since 1492, 1992. (A) Identify ONE reason the population of the Americas was so vulnerable to Old World plagues. (B) Identify and compare the impact of ONE plague that was transferred along trade routes in Afro-Eurasia in the period from 1200 to 1450. (C) Identify and explain at least ONE other factor that contributed to the destruction of the Aztec, Maya, or Inca empires.

Questions refer to the passage below. An Imperial Edict Restraining Officials from Evil by the Hongwu Emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang) Those of you in charge of money and grain have stolen them for yourselves; those of you in charge of criminal laws and punishments have neglected the regulations. In this way grievances are not redressed and false charges are ignored. . . . Occasionally these unjust matters come to my attention. After I discover the truth, I capture and imprison the corrupt, villainous, and oppressive officials involved. I punish them with the death penalty or forced labor or have them flogged with bamboo sticks in order to make manifest the consequences of good and evil actions. Alas, how easily money and profit can bewitch a person! With the exception of the righteous person, the true gentleman, and the sage, no one is able to avoid the temptation of money. . . . . . . during the final years of the Yuan dynasty, there were many ambitious men competing for power who did not treasure their sons and daughters but prized jade and silk, coveted fine horses and beautiful clothes, relished drunken singing and unrestrained pleasure, and enjoyed separating people from their parents, wives, and children. I also lived in that chaotic period. How did I avoid such snares? I was able to do so because I valued my reputation and wanted to preserve my life. Therefore I did not dare to do these evil things. . . . In order to protect my reputation and to preserve my life, I have done away with music, beautiful girls, and valuable objects. Those who love such things are usually "a success in the morning, a failure in the evening." Being aware of the fallacy of such behavior, I will not indulge such foolish fancies. It is not really that hard to do away with these tempting things. Hongwu Emperor, Founder Ming Dynasty (1368-1398) -The second paragraph could be used to support the claim that:

Questions refer to the map below. -Based on your knowledge of world history, which of the following made Portuguese oceanic voyaging possible in the fifteenth century?

Questions refer to the passage below. Use the passage and your knowledge of world history to answer the following questions. "The plague frightened and killed. It began in the land of darkness. Oh, what a visitor! It has been current for fifteen years. China was not preserved from it nor could the strongest fortress hinder it. The plague afflicted the Indians in India. It weighed upon the Sind. It seized with its hand and ensnared even the lands of the Uzbeks. How many backs did it break in what is Transoxiana! The plague increased and spread further. It attacked the Persians, extended its steps toward the land of Khitai, and gnawed away at the Crimea. It pelted Rum with live coals and led the outrage to Cyprus and the islands. The plague destroyed mankind in Cairo. Its eye was cast upon Egypt, and behold, the people were wide-awake. It stilled all movement in Alexandria. . . ." Plague in Southwest Asia Ibn al-wardi (1349) -A historian using this passage would MOST likely use it support the argument that:

Questions refer to the map below. -The voyages shown on the map above precipitated which of the following major events in world history?

Answer all parts of the question that follows. (A) Identify and explain ONE way religion/belief systems affected society in Eurasia between 1300 and 1500. (B) Describe ONE intellectual development in Europe between c.1300 and c.1500. (C) Identify and explain ONE consequence of the intellectual development described in part B.

How did the basic tenets of European Renaissance humanism challenge political and religious assumptions?

Which of the following is the best description of the economic impact of the Black Death on Afro-Eurasia?