Question 1

Which of the following are types of tumor suppressors?

Accepted Answer

A)   Telomerase
B)   Transcription factors controlling cell growth
C)   Inhibitors of apoptosis
D)   Growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases
E)   Cell cycle checkpoint proteins

Question 2

Which of the following is associated with gene amplification of protooncogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Homogeneously stained regions
B)   Microsatellite instability
C)   Double minute chromosomes
D)   A and B
E)   A and C

Question 3

Which of the following can be cancer-associated genes by virtue of their ability to directly regulate the expression of protooncogenes and tumor suppressors, but which themselves are noncoding?

Accepted Answer

A)   Telomerase
B)   Cell cycle checkpoint genes
C)   Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) 
D)   Micro RNAs (miRNAs) 
E)   Ribosomal RNA (rRNAs)  D

Question 4

Normally, the p53 protein responds to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cellular starvation
B)   Shortened telomeres
C)   DNA damage
D)   Cellular contact
E)   Phosphate levels

Question 5

Exposure to what agent is a strong environmental risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in certain parts of the world?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ricin
B)   Colchicine
C)   Aflatoxin
D)   Curare
E)   β-amanitin

Question 6

What function does a cancer stem cell serve in cancer development?

Accepted Answer

A)   It can go on to produce any type of cancer
B)   It gives rise to multiple lineages of genetically unstable cells that can each undergo additional mutation
C)   It is resistant to chemotherapy
D)   It contains all genetic variation found in the tumor
E)   It is the cell that is inherited from a parent in Mendelian cancers B

Question 7

Which of the following are used as criteria to decide whether genetic testing for hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC)  is appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Family history
B)   Clinical information on the cancer
C)   Microsatellite instability testing
D)   Staining for the presence of mismatch repair proteins
E)   All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following molecular phenotypes is associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   Caspase activation
B)   Excessive recombination
C)   Microsatellite instability
D)   DNA fragmentation
E)   Nondisjunction

Question 9

Which type of mutation in MEN2 most commonly causes Hirschsprung disease and pheochromocytoma, respectively?

Accepted Answer

A)   Loss of function, gain of function
B)   Gain of function, loss of function
C)   Duplication, loss of function
D)   Loss of function, duplication
E)   Deletion, duplication

Question 10

In addition to mutations in the coding region and regulatory elements, oncogenes often arise by which type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Gene amplification
B)   Nonhomologous recombination
C)   Splice mutations
D)   Interstitial deletions
E)   Inversions

Question 11

In retinoblastoma, the "second-hit" mutation is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Always inherited
B)   Always somatic
C)   Sometimes somatic
D)   An activating mutation
E)   A truncating mutation

Question 12

What chromosomal defect is found in the Philadelphia chromosome, which is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia?

Accepted Answer

A)   Inversion
B)   Interstitial deletion
C)   Duplication
D)   Translocation
E)   Terminal deletion

Question 13

Reduced activity for which of the following proteins has been associated with decreased risk of lung cancer due to cigarette exposure?

Accepted Answer

A)   p53
B)   RB
C)   CYP2D6
D)   FAS
E)   MLH1

Question 14

What proportion of all cancers are hereditary cancer syndromes?

Accepted Answer

A)   5%
B)   10%
C)   25%
D)   50%
E)   100%

Question 15

In addition to loss of heterozygosity, the second hit in sporadic breast cancers with breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1)  or breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2)  mutations is often which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Methylation of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 promoter
B)   Acetylation of the BRCA2 or BRCA2 promoter
C)   Deletion of the tumor-associated transplantation antigen (TAT
A)   box in BRCA1 or BRCA2
D)   Deletion of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 enhancer
E)   Nonsense mutation in BRCA2 or BRCA2

Question 16

Which of the following types of genes promotes cell proliferation and survival and, when mutated, can cause cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   Protooncogene
B)   Oncogene
C)   Tumor suppressor
D)   Mismatch repair protein
E)   Telomerase

Question 17

How does the Philadelphia chromosome activate an oncogene?

Accepted Answer

A)   It puts a protooncogene downstream of a strong promoter
B)   It fuses a protooncogene with another protein and alters its activity
C)   It deletes its opposing tumor suppressor
D)   It deletes a regulatory region for the gene
E)   It removes its 3'-untranslated region (UTR)  B

Question 18

What is the likely mechanism by which chromosome 8;14 translocations cause Burkitt lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

A)   It puts a protooncogene downstream of a strong promoter
B)   It fuses a protooncogene with another protein and alters its activity
C)   It deletes its opposing tumor suppressor
D)   It deletes a regulatory region for the gene
E)   It removes its 3' UTR

Question 19

What pattern of inheritance does hereditary retinoblastoma exhibit at a phenotypic level?

Accepted Answer

A)   Autosomal recessive with nearly complete penetrance
B)   Autosomal dominant with nearly complete penetrance
C)   Autosomal recessive with incomplete penetrance
D)   Autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance
E)   X linked recessive

Question 20

Mutations in what type of gene cause hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   Genes involved in recombination
B)   Mismatch repair genes
C)   Receptor tyrosine kinases
D)   G proteins
E)   Transcription factors

Exam 15: Cancer Genetics and Genomics

Which of the following are types of tumor suppressors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is associated with gene amplification of protooncogenes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following can be cancer-associated genes by virtue of their ability to directly regulate the expression of protooncogenes and tumor suppressors, but which themselves are noncoding?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Normally, the p53 protein responds to which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Exposure to what agent is a strong environmental risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in certain parts of the world?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What function does a cancer stem cell serve in cancer development?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following are used as criteria to decide whether genetic testing for hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) is appropriate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following molecular phenotypes is associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of mutation in MEN2 most commonly causes Hirschsprung disease and pheochromocytoma, respectively?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In addition to mutations in the coding region and regulatory elements, oncogenes often arise by which type of mutation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In retinoblastoma, the "second-hit" mutation is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What chromosomal defect is found in the Philadelphia chromosome, which is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reduced activity for which of the following proteins has been associated with decreased risk of lung cancer due to cigarette exposure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What proportion of all cancers are hereditary cancer syndromes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In addition to loss of heterozygosity, the second hit in sporadic breast cancers with breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) or breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2) mutations is often which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following types of genes promotes cell proliferation and survival and, when mutated, can cause cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does the Philadelphia chromosome activate an oncogene?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What is the likely mechanism by which chromosome 8;14 translocations cause Burkitt lymphoma?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What pattern of inheritance does hereditary retinoblastoma exhibit at a phenotypic level?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mutations in what type of gene cause hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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B

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B

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