Exam 16: Adaptive Immunity

A) third-degree immune
B) allergic
C) primary immune
D) memory
E) autoimmune

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A) the skin.
B) red blood cells.
C) cytoplasmic membranes of nucleated cells.
D) muscle cells.
E) professional antigen-presenting cells.

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A) The response is specific to a single antigen.
B) The initial response is very rapid, beginning in minutes to a couple of hours.
C) The response is effective on a broad range of antigens.
D) The response to a second exposure is similar to the response to a first exposure.
E) The responding cells are a variety of cell types.

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A) the child has a current RSV infection and was previously exposed to influenza.
B) the child currently has influenza and has previously been exposed to RSV.
C) the child has concurrent influenza and RSV infections.
D) the child has neither influenza nor RSV.
E) the results do not provide sufficient data to draw a conclusion.

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A) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not require antigen presentation to become activated.
B) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes interact with antibodies that have bound antigen to identify their target.
C) Helper T lymphocytes have no role in the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
D) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill by producing hydrogen peroxide.
E) A single cytotoxic T lymphocyte can kill many target cells.

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A) a bacterium inside a cell
B) a virus inside a cell
C) a bacterium outside a cell
D) a noninfected human cell
E) the malaria parasite inside a red blood cell

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A) NK lymphocytes and neutrophils.
B) B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.
C) macrophages and eosinophils.
D) macrophages and neutrophils.
E) neutrophils and dendritic cells.

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Antibodies act against foreign antigens ...

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A) They live for many years and function as memory cells.
B) They are descended from activated B cells.
C) They can produce large quantities of antibodies on a daily basis.
D) They secrete a single type of antibody molecule specific for a single epitope.
E) The antibodies they produce can remain in circulation for weeks.

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Pathogens (and other hazards to the body...

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A) Lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system are highly specific for a single epitope.
B) Activated lymphocytes produce daughter cells that are identical in specificity and function.
C) To become activated, lymphocytes require exposure to the epitope for which they are specific.
D) Activated lymphocytes may persist for years in the body.
E) Lymphocytes reactive to normal body components are removed.

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A) They are formed in response to an encounter with an antigen.
B) They are complementary in shape to a specific antigenic determinant that they may or may not encounter.
C) They are bound to the surface of B lymphocytes and have two antigen-binding sites.
D) Each B lymphocyte is randomly generated with antibody variable regions that determine its BCR.
E) Scientists estimate that each person forms at least 10¹¹ different types of B lymphocytes with distinct BCRs.

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A) IgD.
B) IgM.
C) IgA.
D) IgG.
E) IgE.

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