Question 1

According to the two-factor theory of emotion, the emotional state of people is

Accepted Answer

A)   influenced by deep introspection when they are uncertain about how they feel.
B)   always determined by themselves.
C)   sometimes determined by others when they are uncertain about how they feel.
D)   influenced by their age and gender.

Question 2

When Gallup (1977)  placed different species of animals in front of a mirror, it was only the great apes who

Accepted Answer

A)   used their reflection in the mirror to groom themselves.
B)   attempted to attack their reflection.
C)   greeted their reflection with vocalizations.
D)   exhibited social responses to their reflection in the mirror.

Question 3

On his first day of class, Professor Saccamano thinks he is nervous because his blood pressure is up and his hands are shaking. He continues to feel this way, however, before every class meeting of the semester, and eventually realizes that his arousal is due to the five flights of stairs he must climb up to the classroom. Which theory best explains his misattribution?

Accepted Answer

A)   Downward comparison theory
B)   Self-handicapping theory
C)   Self-perception theory
D)   Two-factor theory of emotion

Question 4

When Maria, a Latin American student, is asked to describe herself in one word during her college interview, she wants to truly express her Latina culture. Which characteristic is she most likely to emphasize?

Accepted Answer

A)   Intelligence
B)   Graciousness
C)   Drive
D)   Strength

Question 5

According to many researchers, self-recognition among great apes and human infants

Accepted Answer

A)   is the first clear expression of the concept "me."
B)   can be tested only with the help of the mirror test.
C)   diminishes with age.
D)   is the result of negative life events.

Question 6

Discuss the relationship between self-presentation and self-monitoring.

Accepted Answer

Self-presentation is the portrayal of on...

Question 7

When a person's facial expression affects his or her subjective experience of emotion, it is known as the facial _____ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)   feedback
B)   loop
C)   information
D)   backtrack

Question 8

Jasper is feeling guilty and ashamed because he did not help his mother paint the house. Jasper is most likely suffering from a discrepancy between what two aspects of the self?

Accepted Answer

A)   The ideal self and the ought self
B)   The ideal self and the actual self
C)   The ought self and the actual self
D)   The actual self and the real self

Question 9

When people are prompted to recall their own experiences, they typically report more events from the recent than from the distant past. Describe the two consistent exceptions to this rule.

Accepted Answer

The first is that older adults tend to r...

Question 10

According to research by Nisbett and Wilson (1977) , introspection is not always valid because

Accepted Answer

A)   people are often unable to give accurate explanations for the causes of their own behavior.
B)   people compare themselves with similar others for self-verification.
C)   people have immense control over their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
D)   people change their self-concept based on the changes they go through in their physical appearance.

Question 11

In terms of autobiographical memory, to what does the phrase "reminiscence bump" refer?

Accepted Answer

A)   The more negative the memory, the more likely it is to be remembered.
B)   Older adults tend to retrieve a larger number of memories from adolescence and early adulthood than other periods of life.
C)   Once people turn a certain age, they start to forget many of the events that happened to them in earlier stages of life.
D)   People tend to remember a wide range of "firsts" in recounting their personal experiences.

Question 12

According to Festinger, social comparison is less likely to occur

Accepted Answer

A)   under conditions of uncertainty.
B)   when a person's self-esteem is threatened.
C)   when objective criteria are available.
D)   with similar others.

Question 13

A person's spontaneous self-description can often be changed by an alteration of that person's

Accepted Answer

A)   self-reference.
B)   social surroundings.
C)   social desirability.
D)   feelings of uncertainty.

Question 14

According to self-discrepancy theory, any mismatch between your actual self and your ideal self will result in

Accepted Answer

A)   frustration.
B)   shame.
C)   superiority.
D)   fear.

Question 15

Research on positive illusions shows that they

Accepted Answer

A)   are adaptive in nearly every sense.
B)   are maladaptive in nearly every sense.
C)   can be adaptive in some ways, but costly in others.
D)   are quite rare, but adaptive when they do occur.

Question 16

Cross-cultural research indicates that North Americans are more likely than Asians to

Accepted Answer

A)   overestimate their contributions to a team effort.
B)   assume blame for failures.
C)   strive for community belonging.
D)   see themselves as others tend to see them.

Question 17

Taylor and Brown (1988)  suggest that people are more likely to have realistic views of themselves when they are

Accepted Answer

A)   depressed.
B)   happy.
C)   high in self-esteem.
D)   low in self-awareness.

Question 18

Jason fills out an application for college with the grades he remembered getting throughout high school. While reviewing the application with a guidance counselor, the counselor points out that Jason seems to have inflated a few of his lower grades. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for Jason's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   Jason is displaying the reminiscence peak characteristic of autobiographical memories.
B)   Jason fell prey to the tendency to revise personal histories to suit his current self-image.
C)   Jason relied on introspection and consequently impaired his self-knowledge of his grades.
D)   Jason was affected by the impact bias, which skewed his memory of his grades.

Question 19

The "ABCs of the self" refer to affect, behavior, and cognition. Which of these three concepts is most relevant to the idea of self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cognition
B)   Affect
C)   Behavior
D)   The three concepts are equally relevant to self-esteem.

Question 20

D'Brickashaw is the only man and the only African American enrolled in a women's studies seminar. McGuire's work on spontaneous self-descriptions suggests that compared to other contexts, in this specific situation, D'Brickashaw will be more likely to mention his ____ in his self-description.

Accepted Answer

A)   race, but not gender
B)   gender, but not race
C)   race as well as gender
D)   distinctive name

Exam 3: The Social Self

According to the two-factor theory of emotion, the emotional state of people is

Correct Answer
verified

Taylor and Brown (1988) suggest that people are more likely to have realistic views of themselves when they are

Correct Answer
verified

According to self-discrepancy theory, any mismatch between your actual self and your ideal self will result in

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Jasper is feeling guilty and ashamed because he did not help his mother paint the house. Jasper is most likely suffering from a discrepancy between what two aspects of the self?

Correct Answer
verified

The "ABCs of the self" refer to affect, behavior, and cognition. Which of these three concepts is most relevant to the idea of self-esteem?

Correct Answer
verified

Research on positive illusions shows that they

Correct Answer
verified

When a person's facial expression affects his or her subjective experience of emotion, it is known as the facial _____ hypothesis.

Correct Answer
verified

When people are prompted to recall their own experiences, they typically report more events from the recent than from the distant past. Describe the two consistent exceptions to this rule.

Correct Answer
verified
The first is that older adults tend to r...
View Answer

In terms of autobiographical memory, to what does the phrase "reminiscence bump" refer?

Correct Answer
verified

When Maria, a Latin American student, is asked to describe herself in one word during her college interview, she wants to truly express her Latina culture. Which characteristic is she most likely to emphasize?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A person's spontaneous self-description can often be changed by an alteration of that person's

Correct Answer
verified

When Gallup (1977) placed different species of animals in front of a mirror, it was only the great apes who

Correct Answer
verified

Discuss the relationship between self-presentation and self-monitoring.

Correct Answer
verified
Self-presentation is the portrayal of on...
View Answer

According to research by Nisbett and Wilson (1977) , introspection is not always valid because

Correct Answer
verified

According to many researchers, self-recognition among great apes and human infants

Correct Answer
verified

Cross-cultural research indicates that North Americans are more likely than Asians to

Correct Answer
verified

According to Festinger, social comparison is less likely to occur

Correct Answer
verified

D'Brickashaw is the only man and the only African American enrolled in a women's studies seminar. McGuire's work on spontaneous self-descriptions suggests that compared to other contexts, in this specific situation, D'Brickashaw will be more likely to mention his ____ in his self-description.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 3: The Social Self

According to the two-factor theory of emotion, the emotional state of people is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Taylor and Brown (1988) suggest that people are more likely to have realistic views of themselves when they are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to self-discrepancy theory, any mismatch between your actual self and your ideal self will result in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jasper is feeling guilty and ashamed because he did not help his mother paint the house. Jasper is most likely suffering from a discrepancy between what two aspects of the self?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "ABCs of the self" refer to affect, behavior, and cognition. Which of these three concepts is most relevant to the idea of self-esteem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on positive illusions shows that they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a person's facial expression affects his or her subjective experience of emotion, it is known as the facial _____ hypothesis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When people are prompted to recall their own experiences, they typically report more events from the recent than from the distant past. Describe the two consistent exceptions to this rule.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe first is that older adults tend to r...View AnswerShow Answer

In terms of autobiographical memory, to what does the phrase "reminiscence bump" refer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Maria, a Latin American student, is asked to describe herself in one word during her college interview, she wants to truly express her Latina culture. Which characteristic is she most likely to emphasize?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person's spontaneous self-description can often be changed by an alteration of that person's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Gallup (1977) placed different species of animals in front of a mirror, it was only the great apes who

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the relationship between self-presentation and self-monitoring.

Correct AnswerverifiedSelf-presentation is the portrayal of on...View AnswerShow Answer

According to research by Nisbett and Wilson (1977) , introspection is not always valid because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to many researchers, self-recognition among great apes and human infants

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cross-cultural research indicates that North Americans are more likely than Asians to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Festinger, social comparison is less likely to occur

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

D'Brickashaw is the only man and the only African American enrolled in a women's studies seminar. McGuire's work on spontaneous self-descriptions suggests that compared to other contexts, in this specific situation, D'Brickashaw will be more likely to mention his ____ in his self-description.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The first is that older adults tend to r...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

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Correct Answer
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verified
Self-presentation is the portrayal of on...
View Answer

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