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Define intermodal perception and provide an example.

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Intermodal perception refers to integrat...

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Why might infants be able to use dynamic cues to depth before binocular and pictorial cues?


A) Dynamic cues are almost always reliable in the natural world.
B) Dynamic cues can be misleading in many optical illusions and infants need to practice using these cues.
C) Dynamic cues require good visual acuity.
D) Dynamic cues assist with categorical perception of color.

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Dr.Patel presents infants with a picture of a regular face and a scrambled face.He presents both stimuli at the same time and records the amount of time infants look to each picture to determine if they spend more time looking at one over the other.This is an example of the:


A) habituation/dishabituation method
B) head turn procedure
C) preferential looking method
D) violation of expectation paradigm

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Elena is a 2-month-old infant participating in a research study.She sees two rod segments moving in the same direction behind an occluding box.Elena infers:


A) one unbroken rod is present
B) two fragments of the rod are present
C) the rod fragments are connected through the occluding box
D) the rod pierces the occluding box

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While young infants can tell apart both individual human faces and individual monkey faces, older infants show a decline in the ability to tell monkey faces apart but an improvement at distinguishing between human faces.This is an example of:


A) own-species preferences
B) perceptual narrowing
C) concentrated plasticity
D) visual focusing

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Differentiate between sensation and perception.Provide an example of each process.

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Sensation involves registering sensory i...

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The infant shows a crude initial ability to localize sounds, which seems to decline briefly before reemerging in a more sophisticated form.This is an example of:


A) circular reactions
B) feedback loops
C) inverted processes
D) U-shaped developments

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Dr.Cashon wants to design a study to determine whether infants can differentiate between a complex pattern-a checkerboard with many squares-and a simple pattern-a checkerboard with few squares.Describe how Dr.Cashon could answer this question using the preferential looking method.In doing so, explain the rationale behind this method.

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Dr.Cashon should present the simple and ...

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As the infant develops, the eyeball grows and develops a more spherical form.By about 1 year, the infant's eyeball is roughly spherical, such that light passing through the lens now lands, in focus, on the whole retina.What accounts for these changes in the eye's shape?


A) automatic growth
B) biological maturation
C) increasingly focused input
D) optokinetic nystagmus

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What statement best describes the way newborn chicks peck at their food?


A) Newborn chicks peck 20 degrees to the left of their actual food.
B) Newborn chicks peck more at rounded objects.
C) Newborn chicks peck more at objects with straight edges.
D) Newborn chicks peck more at objects with sharp angles.

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___________ refer to the constant interplay between organism and environment.


A) Circular reactions
B) Feedback loops
C) Restorative processes
D) U-shaped developments

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Jamal was born with eye muscles that made his eyes excessively converge, resulting in a "cross-eyed" condition.Although he had corrective surgery at age 7, his vision was never what would be considered normal.This is an example of a(n) :


A) acute period effect
B) critical period effect
C) decisive period effect
D) plastic period effect

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What taste do infants prefer?


A) bitter
B) salty
C) sour
D) sweet

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All of the following are common challenges associated with scientists using the preferential looking method EXCEPT:


A) Parents may unknowingly influence infant looking.
B) Researchers may unknowingly bias recordings if they know which picture infants are viewing.
C) Stimuli must be carefully standardized.
D) Infants may demonstrate an overwhelming preference for one of the stimuli.

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Infants use their ___________ as their primary means of touch-based exploration.


A) hands
B) feet
C) knees
D) mouths

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Do some aspects of the auditory system show critical period effects? Include findings from studies involving cochlear implants.

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The earlier a patient receives cochlear ...

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Which Gestalt principle(s) do young infants use?


A) only common fate
B) only edge alignment
C) both common fate and edge alignment
D) Young infants do not use any Gestalt principles.

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Which sensory system was the first to evolve?


A) audition
B) smell
C) vision
D) All sensory systems evolved together.

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Researchers using the ___________ method attend to the jumping of the eyes as they track a continuous succession of objects that stream by.


A) habituation
B) optokinetic nystagmus
C) preferential looking
D) visually evoked potential

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