Question 1

Normal matter is baryonic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Tiny amounts of lithium and beryllium were formed in the big bang.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Why do astronomers conclude that the Universe is filled with dark energy? Discuss two of the primary reasons.

Accepted Answer

A series of observations of different pr...

Question 4

The microwave emission detected by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson fits a blackbody spectrum with a temperature of about ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   0 K
B)   273 K
C)   27 K
D)   7.2 K
E)   2.7 K E

Question 5

When matter and antimatter particles combine, the two particles annihilate each other and convert their mass into energy in the form of two gamma rays.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The evolution of the distribution of dark and normal matter were____.

Accepted Answer

A)   both controlled by large differences in the cosmic microwave background radiation
B)   different because dark matter does not interact with electromagnetic forces
C)   different because dark matter does not interact with gravitational forces
D)   different because dark matter does not interact with weak nuclear forces
E)   different because dark matter does not interact with strong nuclear forces

Question 7

The four fundamental forces in the Universe are the ___ forces.

Accepted Answer

A)   strong, weak, electrical, and magnetic
B)   electromagnetic, gravitational, nuclear, and weak
C)   electromagnetic, gravitational, strong, and weak
D)   magnetic, electroweak, gravitational, and strong
E)   electromagnetic, unified, strong, and weak

Question 8

The Hubble time is____.

Accepted Answer

A)   an estimate of the age of the Universe
B)   the time needed for a galaxy to travel 1 Mpc
C)   not connected to Hubble law of galactic redshifts
D)   the time for light to cross the Universe
E)   the time needed for galaxies to form

Question 9

Einstein's mass-energy equivalence ()  is important to the first phases of the big bang in explaining how____.

Accepted Answer

A)   gamma ray photons create matter and antimatter
B)   stable protons and neutrons can exist below a certain temperature
C)   antimatter can exist
D)   matter became more prevalent than antimatter
E)   the Universe expanded rapidly

Question 10

The radiation detected by Penzias and Wilson is sometime referred to as CMBR, which stands for   _______________ radiation.

Accepted Answer

cosmic mic...

Question 11

The recombination era of the big bang was very important in several ways. Explain what happened during this time and what observable effects of the era existed.

Accepted Answer

Originally, the Universe was so hot that...

Question 12

What three main observed phenomena are the strongest support for the "big bang" theory?

Accepted Answer

The Hubble law demonstrates that the Uni...

Question 13

The acceleration of the Universe depends on the effect of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   baryonic matter being greater than the effects of dark matter and dark energy
B)   baryonic matter and dark energy being greater than the effect of dark matter.
C)   dark matter and dark energy being greater than the effect of baryonic matter.
D)   baryonic matter and dark matter being greater than the effect of dark energy.
E)   dark matter being greater than the effect of dark energy. D

Question 14

Hot gas created during the big bang should be detectable becausethe ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   gas has traveled with galaxies as they formed and is spread through the Universe of the present day
B)   big bang occurred everywhere at once, and should be visible in any direction at long look-back times
C)   big bang occurred in a certain location, and the radiation from the gas is concentrated there
D)   gas has travelled to the edges of the Universe and will be visible at negative redshifts
E)   radiation emitted by the gas has travelled at the same speed as the expanding Universe and is visible all around us

Question 15

What are the four fundamental forces in the Universe and how did they affect the first steps of the big bang and the inflation of the Universe?

Accepted Answer

The four fundamental forces in the Unive...

Question 16

The expansion of the Universe ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   was faster in the early Universe when galaxies were close to each other, and has decelerated thereafter
B)   was slower in the early Universe when galaxies were close to each other, and has accelerated thereafter
C)   has been constant throughout the lifetime of the Universe
D)   steadily accelerated from the big bang to the present day
E)   steadily decelerated from the big bang to the present day

Question 17

Dark energy is the term used to describe ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   the pressure inflating "voids" in the distribution of galaxies
B)   radiation from antimatter and non-baryonic matter
C)   a component of the cosmic microwave background radiation
D)   an effect that works with gravity to decelerate the expansion of the Universe
E)   an effect that works against gravity to accelerate the expansion of the Universe

Question 18

The heaviest element created in the big bang, in tiny amounts, is _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The heaviest element created in the big...

Question 19

Which statement about the behavior of Universe geometries is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   Closed and open universes expand forever.
B)   Closed universes expand and then contract.
C)   Only flat universes expand forever.
D)   Flat and open universes expand and then contract.
E)   Only flat universes expand and then contract.

Question 20

Olber's paradox states that the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   Universe must have a center, but not an edge
B)   sky should be as bright as the surface of a star in all directions
C)   Universe should have an edge, but not a center
D)   Earth should be at the farthest point in the Universe from the big bang.
E)   Universe is not infinite, but cannot have an edge or center

Exam 18: Modern Cosmology

Normal matter is baryonic.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

Tiny amounts of lithium and beryllium were formed in the big bang.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do astronomers conclude that the Universe is filled with dark energy? Discuss two of the primary reasons.

Correct AnswerverifiedA series of observations of different pr...View AnswerShow Answer

The microwave emission detected by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson fits a blackbody spectrum with a temperature of about ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedE

When matter and antimatter particles combine, the two particles annihilate each other and convert their mass into energy in the form of two gamma rays.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The evolution of the distribution of dark and normal matter were____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The four fundamental forces in the Universe are the ___ forces.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Hubble time is____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Einstein's mass-energy equivalence () is important to the first phases of the big bang in explaining how____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The radiation detected by Penzias and Wilson is sometime referred to as CMBR, which stands for _______________ radiation.

Correct Answerverifiedcosmic mic...View AnswerShow Answer

The recombination era of the big bang was very important in several ways. Explain what happened during this time and what observable effects of the era existed.

Correct AnswerverifiedOriginally, the Universe was so hot that...View AnswerShow Answer

What three main observed phenomena are the strongest support for the "big bang" theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe Hubble law demonstrates that the Uni...View AnswerShow Answer

The acceleration of the Universe depends on the effect of ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Hot gas created during the big bang should be detectable becausethe ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the four fundamental forces in the Universe and how did they affect the first steps of the big bang and the inflation of the Universe?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe four fundamental forces in the Unive...View AnswerShow Answer

The expansion of the Universe ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dark energy is the term used to describe ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The heaviest element created in the big bang, in tiny amounts, is _______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about the behavior of Universe geometries is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Olber's paradox states that the ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A series of observations of different pr...
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cosmic mic...
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Originally, the Universe was so hot that...
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The Hubble law demonstrates that the Uni...
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The four fundamental forces in the Unive...
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