Question 1

The problem with using punishment outside the laboratory to modify behavior is that

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment is usually introduced at low intensities.
B)  the chances of "getting caught" are usually low.
C)  often a discriminated punishment procedure is used.
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 2

The second component of the two-process theory of avoidance is

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement of the escape response through termination of fear.
B)  punishment of the escape response through presentation of the aversive stimulus.
C)  reinforcement of the avoidance response through prevention of the aversive stimulus.
D)  reinforcement of the avoidance response through fear reduction.

Question 3

Compare avoidance and escape trials. Provide an example of each from common human experience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare avoidance and escape trials. Provide an...

Question 4

The two-process theory of avoidance asserts that the reinforcing properties of avoidance trials are due to

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  positive reinforcement.
C)  punishment.
D)  omission training.

Question 5

One group (Classical Conditioning) of guinea pigs was placed in a running wheel, a tone CS was presented, and 2 seconds later a brief shock was administered. Another group (Avoidance) also was placed in a running wheel, a tone CS was presented, and a brief shock was administered only if the subjects did not move the wheel during the CS presentation. After several trials, what do you suspect was the response to the CS?

Accepted Answer

A)  The classical conditioning group ran more than the avoidance group.
B)  The avoidance group ran more than the classical conditioning group.
C)  The two groups ran approximately the same amount.
D)  Neither group ran much in response to the CS.

Question 6

Compare and contrast discriminated and free-operant avoidance procedures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast discriminated and free-operant avoidance...

Question 7

Twenty dogs are initially presented with numerous CS-tone\US-footshock pairings. These dogs are then placed in a shuttle box, and movement from one side of the shuttle to the other terminates periodic presentations of the CS tone. No shocks are delivered in the shuttle box. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a conditioned suppression procedure.
B)  an omission training procedure.
C)  an escape from fear procedure.
D)  a learned helplessness procedure.

Question 8

How is the nature of an animal's avoidance response determined according to the species-specific defense reaction hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is the nature of an animal's...

Question 9

Your roommate is desperate to avoid bad grades. He studies long into the night. When you ask your roommate about this behavior, he tells you that the sensation of going to bed exhausted from studying feels good to him because it means he will not fail his quizzes. Your roommate is a believer in

Accepted Answer

A)  the shock-frequency reduction hypothesis.
B)  the two-process theory of avoidance.
C)  the safety-signal hypothesis.
D)  the SSDR theory.

Question 10

Which theory can best account for the finding that certain responses are more easily conditioned in avoidance training procedures?

Accepted Answer

A)  the two-process theory of avoidance
B)  the safety-signal hypothesis
C)  SSDR theory
D)  shock-frequency reduction theory

Question 11

During avoidance training, subjects are also given periodic conditioned suppression tests with the shock-avoidance CS. With extended avoidance training, response suppression

Accepted Answer

A)  remains constant.
B)  increases.
C)  begins to fluctuate around a relatively high asymptote.
D)  decreases.

Question 12

Which theory views the avoidance of shock as critical to the reinforcement of avoidance behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  the safety-signal hypothesis
B)  SSDR theory
C)  the two-process theory of avoidance
D)  shock-frequency reduction theory

Question 13

In a time out procedure, behavior modification is achieved by

Accepted Answer

A)  the careful administration of a mildly aversive stimulus.
B)  reducing contact with appetitive stimuli.
C)  the administration of a relatively strong aversive stimulus.
D)  reducing contact with an annoying stimulus.

Question 14

Bechterev had human subjects place their fingers on a shock plate, signaled with a warning CS, and then delivered a brief shock. He noticed that after a few trials, subjects were lifting their fingers from the plate in response to the CS, thus reducing the shock US. This experiment is best characterized as an investigation of

Accepted Answer

A)  aversive classical conditioning mechanisms.
B)  passive avoidance.
C)  active avoidance.
D)  omission conditioning.

Question 15

Compare the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment to the avoidance theory of punishment. Provide evidence of support for each theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the conditioned emotional response theory of...

Question 16

Due to its reliance on cognitive mechanisms, which of the following theories of avoidance is most successfully applied to human behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  safety signal hypothesis
B)  SSDR theory
C)  predatory imminence hypothesis
D)  expectancy theory of avoidance

Question 17

What type of learning has been demonstrated in neurons of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pavlovian conditioning
B)  Instrumental conditioning
C)  a form of learned helplessness conditioning
D)  all of the above

Question 18

In what ways is punishment similar to positive reinforcement; in what ways is it different?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways is punishment similar to...

Question 19

Which of the following is not true about avoidance behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conditioned fear and avoidance responding are highly correlated.
B)  The results of escape from fear experiments support the two-process theory of avoidance.
C)  During early stages of avoidance training, most of the trials are escape trials.
D)  Generally, one-way shuttle avoidance is easier to learn than two-way.

Question 20

Suppose you want to train a puppy to stop chewing your shoes. Which of the following will result in the greatest response suppression?

Accepted Answer

A)  making a loud noise and taking the shoe away from the puppy at the same time
B)  rubbing the puppy's nose in the shoe leather smell
C)  startling the puppy with a loud noise, removing the shoe, and giving the puppy a toy to chew on
D)  taking away the shoe and giving the puppy a toy to chew on

Exam 10: Averse Control

Which theory can best account for the finding that certain responses are more easily conditioned in avoidance training procedures?

Correct Answer
verified

The two-process theory of avoidance asserts that the reinforcing properties of avoidance trials are due to

Correct Answer
verified

What type of learning has been demonstrated in neurons of the spinal cord?

Correct Answer
verified

Twenty dogs are initially presented with numerous CS-tone\US-footshock pairings. These dogs are then placed in a shuttle box, and movement from one side of the shuttle to the other terminates periodic presentations of the CS tone. No shocks are delivered in the shuttle box. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not true about avoidance behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose you want to train a puppy to stop chewing your shoes. Which of the following will result in the greatest response suppression?

Correct Answer
verified

Compare avoidance and escape trials. Provide an example of each from common human experience.

Correct Answer
verified

Your roommate is desperate to avoid bad grades. He studies long into the night. When you ask your roommate about this behavior, he tells you that the sensation of going to bed exhausted from studying feels good to him because it means he will not fail his quizzes. Your roommate is a believer in

Correct Answer
verified

In what ways is punishment similar to positive reinforcement; in what ways is it different?

Correct Answer
verified

Compare the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment to the avoidance theory of punishment. Provide evidence of support for each theory.

Correct Answer
verified

The second component of the two-process theory of avoidance is

Correct Answer
verified

In a time out procedure, behavior modification is achieved by

Correct Answer
verified

Due to its reliance on cognitive mechanisms, which of the following theories of avoidance is most successfully applied to human behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

During avoidance training, subjects are also given periodic conditioned suppression tests with the shock-avoidance CS. With extended avoidance training, response suppression

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which theory views the avoidance of shock as critical to the reinforcement of avoidance behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

The problem with using punishment outside the laboratory to modify behavior is that

Correct Answer
verified

Compare and contrast discriminated and free-operant avoidance procedures.

Correct Answer
verified

How is the nature of an animal's avoidance response determined according to the species-specific defense reaction hypothesis?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 10: Averse Control

Which theory can best account for the finding that certain responses are more easily conditioned in avoidance training procedures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The two-process theory of avoidance asserts that the reinforcing properties of avoidance trials are due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of learning has been demonstrated in neurons of the spinal cord?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Twenty dogs are initially presented with numerous CS-tone\US-footshock pairings. These dogs are then placed in a shuttle box, and movement from one side of the shuttle to the other terminates periodic presentations of the CS tone. No shocks are delivered in the shuttle box. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true about avoidance behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose you want to train a puppy to stop chewing your shoes. Which of the following will result in the greatest response suppression?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare avoidance and escape trials. Provide an example of each from common human experience.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your roommate is desperate to avoid bad grades. He studies long into the night. When you ask your roommate about this behavior, he tells you that the sensation of going to bed exhausted from studying feels good to him because it means he will not fail his quizzes. Your roommate is a believer in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what ways is punishment similar to positive reinforcement; in what ways is it different?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare the conditioned emotional response theory of punishment to the avoidance theory of punishment. Provide evidence of support for each theory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The second component of the two-process theory of avoidance is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a time out procedure, behavior modification is achieved by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Due to its reliance on cognitive mechanisms, which of the following theories of avoidance is most successfully applied to human behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During avoidance training, subjects are also given periodic conditioned suppression tests with the shock-avoidance CS. With extended avoidance training, response suppression

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theory views the avoidance of shock as critical to the reinforcement of avoidance behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The problem with using punishment outside the laboratory to modify behavior is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare and contrast discriminated and free-operant avoidance procedures.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How is the nature of an animal's avoidance response determined according to the species-specific defense reaction hypothesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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