Question 1

The idea that punishment lowers crime among the general population, including those not punished, is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   Bounded rationality.
B)   Specific deterrence.
C)   Celerity.
D)   General deterrence.

Question 2

Stafford and Warr claim that direct avoidance of punishment plays a role in whether _____ occurs.

Accepted Answer

A)   Bounded rationality.
B)   Specific deterrence.
C)   Celerity.
D)   General deterrence.

Question 3

Stafford and Warr extend previous work on deterrence theory most obviously with their attention to

Accepted Answer

A)   General deterrence.
B)   Specific deterrence.
C)   Punishment avoidance.
D)   Punishment.

Question 4

The classical school of criminology argued that

Accepted Answer

A)   Most criminals are pathological.
B)   The purpose of the criminal justice system should be rehabilitation.
C)   To teach criminals a lesson, judges should have as much discretion as possible to give offenders any sentence they want to.
D)   Individuals choose to engage in crime based on a rational calculation of the costs versus benefits of crime.

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding the empirical research on general deterrence?

Accepted Answer

A)   When the certainty of punishment reduces crime, it is often short lived and confined to a specific area.
B)   Punishments administered outside one's area have been shown to affect crime within one's area substantially.
C)   The certainty of punishment must be 80 percent or higher for crime to be deterred.
D)   There is no evidence from research that punishment can be a general deterrent. A

Question 6

According to Wright and Decker, after committing a robbery, the offenders usually

Accepted Answer

A)   Save the money and spend frugally.
B)   Pay back any debts they may have outstanding.
C)   Spend the money on necessary items for day-to-day living (e.g., shelter, food, child care) .
D)   Spend the money recklessly gambling, buying drugs, and/or drinking heavily.

Question 7

The idea that punishment reduces future crime among the people who have been punished is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   Bounded rationality.
B)   Specific deterrence.
C)   Celerity.
D)   General deterrence.

Question 8

Which of the following aspects of punishment shows the most promise in terms of affecting crime, according to the research on general deterrence?

Accepted Answer

A)   Certainty.
B)   Severity.
C)   Equality.
D)   Swiftness. A

Question 9

According to deterrence theory, what determines the extent to which a potential offender is deterred?

Accepted Answer

A)   Effective formal, legal punishment.
B)   Lifestyle and daily activity patterns.
C)   Personality.
D)   Effective neighborhood networks of informal social control.

Question 10

Which of the following policies would Cornish and Clarke argue, based on their rational choice theory, would be most effective in reducing the occurrence of criminal events?

Accepted Answer

A)   Rehabilitation programs within the correctional system.
B)   Ending patriarchy and the privileges it gives to men.
C)   Burglar alarms on houses.
D)   Displacement programs. C

Question 11

In discussing criminal involvement, Cornish and Clarke distinguished between the decisions to become involved in crime initially, to continue crime, and to desist from crime. They state that each of these decisions is influenced by different sets of factors. Describe the factors that might be relevant for each of these decisions.

Accepted Answer

The decision to become involved in crime...

Question 12

According to Cornish and Clarke's rational choice theory, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Costs and benefits associated with crime vary by crime type.
B)   Decisions to become involved in crime tend to be permanent for most offenders.
C)   Criminal involvement decisions tend to be most heavily influenced by immediate situational factors.
D)   Crime event decisions tend to be most heavily influenced by individual traits and social and demographic background factors.

Question 13

Evidence shows that increasing the swiftness of punishment among those caught

Accepted Answer

A)   Does not reduce subsequent offending.
B)   Has substantial short- and long-term deterrent effects.
C)   Has a substantial short-term deterrent effect only.
D)   Reduces subsequent offending among men, but not among women.

Question 14

Describe how Stafford and Warr reconceptualized deterrence theory.

Accepted Answer

Stafford and Warr reconceptualized deter...

Question 15

Explain the notion of general deterrence and summarize the state of the research regarding the general deterrent effect of punishment.

Accepted Answer

General deterrence is a concept in crimi...

Question 16

In their rational choice theory, Cornish and Clarke assume which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Individuals are fully rational actors.
B)   Individual rationality is constrained by all sorts of biological, psychological, and social factors.
C)   Individual offenders are not rational, but legal punishments are rationally administered.
D)   Punishment avoidance is irrational.

Question 17

The idea that choices about the costs versus benefits of crime might be constrained by the availability of time and/or relevant information is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   Bounded rationality.
B)   Specific deterrence.
C)   Celerity.
D)   General deterrence.

Question 18

Provide a thorough discussion of the criticisms of specific deterrence. Why might specific deterrence not work in the manner posited by deterrence theory?

Accepted Answer

Specific deterrence is a concept in crim...

Question 19

Wright and Decker found that most armed robbers are motivated by the

Accepted Answer

A)   Thrill of the crime.
B)   Immediate access to cash.
C)   Power they have over their victims.
D)   Reputation they gain on the street.

Question 20

According to Cornish and Clarke's rational choice theory, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Most offenders are pathological.
B)   Factors studied by other theories-such as psychological factors and previous learning-have no influence on the initial decision of a person to become involved in crime.
C)   Situational factors have a substantial effect on whether a person decides to break the law and an actual criminal event takes place.
D)   The decision to go into crime is mostly unaffected by the costs and benefits of breaking the law.

Exam 10: Reviving Classical Theory: Deterrence and Rational Choice Theories

The idea that punishment lowers crime among the general population, including those not punished, is referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

Stafford and Warr claim that direct avoidance of punishment plays a role in whether _____ occurs.

Correct Answer
verified

Stafford and Warr extend previous work on deterrence theory most obviously with their attention to

Correct Answer
verified

The classical school of criminology argued that

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is true regarding the empirical research on general deterrence?

Correct Answer
verified
A

According to Wright and Decker, after committing a robbery, the offenders usually

Correct Answer
verified

The idea that punishment reduces future crime among the people who have been punished is referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following aspects of punishment shows the most promise in terms of affecting crime, according to the research on general deterrence?

Correct Answer
verified
A

According to deterrence theory, what determines the extent to which a potential offender is deterred?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following policies would Cornish and Clarke argue, based on their rational choice theory, would be most effective in reducing the occurrence of criminal events?

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The decision to become involved in crime...
View Answer

According to Cornish and Clarke's rational choice theory, which of the following is true?

Correct Answer
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Evidence shows that increasing the swiftness of punishment among those caught

Correct Answer
verified

Describe how Stafford and Warr reconceptualized deterrence theory.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Stafford and Warr reconceptualized deter...
View Answer

Explain the notion of general deterrence and summarize the state of the research regarding the general deterrent effect of punishment.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
General deterrence is a concept in crimi...
View Answer

In their rational choice theory, Cornish and Clarke assume which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

The idea that choices about the costs versus benefits of crime might be constrained by the availability of time and/or relevant information is referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

Provide a thorough discussion of the criticisms of specific deterrence. Why might specific deterrence not work in the manner posited by deterrence theory?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Specific deterrence is a concept in crim...
View Answer

Wright and Decker found that most armed robbers are motivated by the

Correct Answer
verified

According to Cornish and Clarke's rational choice theory, which of the following is true?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 10: Reviving Classical Theory: Deterrence and Rational Choice Theories

The idea that punishment lowers crime among the general population, including those not punished, is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stafford and Warr claim that direct avoidance of punishment plays a role in whether _____ occurs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stafford and Warr extend previous work on deterrence theory most obviously with their attention to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The classical school of criminology argued that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true regarding the empirical research on general deterrence?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

According to Wright and Decker, after committing a robbery, the offenders usually

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The idea that punishment reduces future crime among the people who have been punished is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following aspects of punishment shows the most promise in terms of affecting crime, according to the research on general deterrence?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

According to deterrence theory, what determines the extent to which a potential offender is deterred?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following policies would Cornish and Clarke argue, based on their rational choice theory, would be most effective in reducing the occurrence of criminal events?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe decision to become involved in crime...View AnswerShow Answer

According to Cornish and Clarke's rational choice theory, which of the following is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evidence shows that increasing the swiftness of punishment among those caught

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe how Stafford and Warr reconceptualized deterrence theory.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIStafford and Warr reconceptualized deter...View AnswerShow Answer

Explain the notion of general deterrence and summarize the state of the research regarding the general deterrent effect of punishment.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIGeneral deterrence is a concept in crimi...View AnswerShow Answer

In their rational choice theory, Cornish and Clarke assume which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The idea that choices about the costs versus benefits of crime might be constrained by the availability of time and/or relevant information is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Provide a thorough discussion of the criticisms of specific deterrence. Why might specific deterrence not work in the manner posited by deterrence theory?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AISpecific deterrence is a concept in crim...View AnswerShow Answer

Wright and Decker found that most armed robbers are motivated by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Cornish and Clarke's rational choice theory, which of the following is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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A

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C

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Answered by ExamLex AI
The decision to become involved in crime...
View Answer

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Stafford and Warr reconceptualized deter...
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General deterrence is a concept in crimi...
View Answer

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Specific deterrence is a concept in crim...
View Answer

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