Exam 4: Evolutionary Responses

A) speciation.
B) natural selection.
C) selective breeding.
D) genetic drift.
E) mutations.

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A) amount of a natural resource
B) number of pests
C) distribution of predators
D) number of competitors of a natural resource
E) All of the above

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A) natural selection.
B) evolution.
C) genetic drift.
D) speciation.
E) random mutation.

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Humans can impact physical conditions of...

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Smaller populations are more affected by...

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The fossil record provides evidence of e...

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A) Mutations occur deliberately because of errors in the replication of DNA.
B) The total collection of the alleles will contain high frequencies of alleles that came about by mutation.
C) Mutations occur quickly from generation to generation and are immediately expressed in phenotypes.
D) Mutations occur randomly and some mutations are responsible for dramatic changes in phenotype.
E) Phenotype changes that occur via mutations are always small changes.

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A) Between G1 and G2 the individuals all became resistant to the pesticide and in G3 they all continued to survive.
B) Individuals labeled X carry the heritable trait that provides resistance to the pesticide.
C) Individuals labeled O do not carry the heritable trait that provides resistance to the pesticide.
D) The pesticide does not affect the individuals which is why they continue through generations.
E) In G1 the Xs that do not contain the heritable trait of resistance died; in G2 those with the trait reproduced, so that by G3 only individuals with the trait survived.

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A) The development of different mating behavior
B) A physical incompatibility
C) Geographic isolation
D) A gradual preference for a different location
E) All of the above could be mechanisms for speciation.

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Generation time is the average time from birth to reproduction. This is different from clock or calendar time in that species have different reproduction rates (e.g., the generation of an insect is shorter than that of a human). In evolution, the more generations in a year, the more evolutionary changes can occur at a faster rate.

A) Genetic variation
B) Mutations
C) The size of a population
D) How isolated a population is
E) Phenotype expression

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As more green beetles continue to be eat...

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A) Long-necked giraffes did not reproduce with shorter-necked giraffes.
B) Giraffes grew long necks from stretching to reach leaves on trees.
C) Giraffes with longer necks survived because they were better suited to the environment.
D) Long-necked giraffes were able to run faster to avoid predation.
E) Short-necked giraffes had the advantage but went extinct due to a major disaster.

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A) These options are most important for species or populations that are thriving but might be in danger in the future.
B) These options best describe the genetic make-up of species and populations.
C) These are not the only options organisms have when there are changes in their environment.
D) These options are critically important when the species or populations involved are rare, unique, or vulnerable to extinction.
E) These options describe the factors involved in characterizing population parameters.

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A) resistance to pesticides.
B) biological evolution.
C) natural selection.
D) phenotype variation.
E) vestigial structures.

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B

A) the heritability of character.
B) the measurement of vestigial characteristic.
C) the karyotype.
D) speciation.
E) natural selection.

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A) The population of cockroaches developed resistance to the pesticide.
B) The individuals that survived will die within a few days.
C) The population developed resistance due to developmental changes.
D) The individuals that survived will likely produce offspring with a resistance to the pesticide.
E) The cockroaches that died had a high doses response.

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C

A) The graph shows that at a 100% dose of the pesticide the entire population will survive.
B) The graph shows that at the dose of 40%, 40% of the population dies.
C) The graph shows that at the dose of 40%, 100% of the population dies.
D) The graph shows the LD₅₀ which represents the dose at which 40% of the population survives.
E) The graph shows the LD₅₀ which represents the dose at which the population can handle the dose without any negative effects.

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