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Two measures that have been used to assess leadership are


A) social influence and social categorization.
B) actual effectiveness and perceived effectiveness.
C) helping behaviors and inhibiting behaviors.
D) reward power and coercive power.

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According to the Leadership Categorization Theory of Robert Lord,


A) leaders are more effective when they avoid using coercive power.
B) leaders are more effective when they rely primarily upon informational and legitimate power.
C) leaders are more effective when they are aware of what group members expect of them.
D) leaders are effective when they socially categorize their followers.

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Stanley Milgram's studies on obedience were based in part on his desire to understand which of the following?


A) How individuals use referent power to create obedience.
B) How people resist the influence of others.
C) The atrocities committed by the German dictator Adolf Hitler.
D) How men and women react differently to social influence.

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Many research programs have found that there are two basic types of effective leaders. These two types are _____ and _____ leaders.


A) task-oriented; relationship-oriented
B) intelligent; creative
C) reward-averse; coercion-averse
D) orienting; inhibiting

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Which of the following is predicted by to the contingency model of leadership effectiveness?


A) More relationship-oriented (high LPC) leaders will be more effective when the group climate is favorable.
B) More relationship-oriented (high LPC) leaders will be less effective when the group climate is favorable.
C) It cannot be predicted when relationship-oriented (high LPC) leaders will be effective.
D) Women will be more effective if they are relationship-oriented leaders.

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What were the results of David Kipnis's research on the corrupting influence of power? What conclusions about power can be drawn from the research?

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David Kipnis's research on the corruptin...

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What is social power, and how do we know when someone has it? Consider the different types of power proposed by French and Raven, and give an example of each type other than ones given in Chapter 7.

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Social power refers to the ability of an...

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Men are more likely to use _____ power, whereas women are more likely to use _____ power.


A) referent and coercive; reward and legitimate
B) reward and legitimate; referent and coercive
C) coercive and reward; legitimate and referent
D) legitimate and referent; coercive and reward

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Alex tells his brother that he is going to tell on him to their parents unless he helps him wash the car. Alex is using which of the following types of power?


A) Reward.
B) Legitimate.
C) Referent.
D) Coercive.

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Describe the procedures and the results of Stanley Milgram's studies on obedience. What factors led to obedience? What conclusions can be drawn from the research?

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Stanley Milgram's studies on obedience w...

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Tom is a leader who works with his subordinates to help them understand what is required to get the job done. We can say that Tom is a _____ leader.


A) transactional
B) transformational
C) socioemotional
D) intelligent

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A

A charismatic leader is most similar to which of the following types of leaders?


A) Transactional.
B) Transformational.
C) Socioemotional.
D) Intelligent.

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B

Consider the characteristics of charismatic, transactional, and transformational leadership. What makes each of these types of leaders effective?

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Charismatic leaders are effective becaus...

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Women may have more difficulty than men do assuming positions of power because


A) they are naturally unsuited to lead others.
B) men have more leadership abilities that woman.
C) acting powerfully is inconsistent with the female gender stereotype.
D) using legitimate power is seen as unfair.

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In the experiments on obedience conducted by Stanley Milgram, the experimenter had ____ power over the teacher.


A) referent
B) coercive
C) reward
D) legitimate

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In general _____ will be used more than _____.


A) coercive; reward
B) reward; coercive
C) informational; expert
D) expert; informational

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When participants were allowed to determine their own level of shock in Stanley Milgram's studies on obedience,


A) most still complied with the experimenter's demands.
B) whether or not participants complied depended upon their self-esteem.
C) they set very low levels of shock.
D) the level of shock that was set did not differ significantly from that in the original experimental conditions.

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What are the personality variables that have been found to predict leadership abilities and perceptions? Overall, what is the status of personality theories of leadership?

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Personality variables that have been found to predict leadership abilities and perceptions include traits such as extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. Individuals who score high on these traits are often seen as more effective leaders, as they tend to be more confident, organized, emotionally resilient, and open to new ideas and experiences. The status of personality theories of leadership is that they are widely recognized and studied in the field of leadership research. While there is no single personality trait that guarantees effective leadership, there is evidence to suggest that certain personality traits can contribute to leadership effectiveness. However, it is important to note that personality is just one factor in determining leadership abilities, and other factors such as situational context and skills also play a significant role in determining leadership effectiveness. Overall, personality theories of leadership continue to be an important area of study and research in the field of leadership.

Your textbook defines leadership as


A) using reward and coercive power to get people to obey.
B) effectively influencing others to achieve group goals.
C) the ability to make decisions and get others to follow them.
D) the ability to organize and motivate followers.

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Which of the following traits have been found to be correlated with leadership effectiveness ?


A) Intelligence and sociability.
B) Ego-defensiveness and cognitive orientation.
C) Influenceability and self-esteem.
D) Independence and relationship-orientation.

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