Question 1

After dinosaurs became extinct, the number of mammal species increased greatly. What process applies to this example?

Accepted Answer

A)   adaptive radiation
B)   endosymbiosis
C)   competition
D)   eukaryotic development

Question 2

The evolution of which trait allowed plants to grow taller?

Accepted Answer

A)   seeds
B)   vascular tissue
C)   flowers
D)   photosynthesis

Question 3

-In this phylogeny feather pattern on the head is the trait used to separate the sparrows into groups. DNA analysis suggests a different phylogeny that places white-crowned birds and golden-crowned birds more closely together. Therefore, what process results in the striped pattern on the head?

Accepted Answer

A)   convergent evolution
B)   sexual selection
C)   genetic drift
D)   endosymbiosis

Question 4

What is a virus?

Accepted Answer

A)   an organism in domain Archaea
B)   an organism in kingdom Protista
C)   an organism in domain Bacteria
D)   a non-living particle

Question 5

Why might archaea be more difficult to grow in the lab than bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   Archaea are larger cells and thus take in more food.
B)   Archaea are much smaller than bacteria and are harder to see growing.
C)   Archaea often grow in unusual environments that would be hard to reproduce in the lab.
D)   Archaea don't usually reproduce in captivity.

Question 6

What organism would be the best source of an antibacterial compound that would limit the growth of a particular kind of soil bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   other bacteria regardless of habitat
B)   animals that live in the same area
C)   fungi from the same soil
D)   flowering plants from the same soil

Question 7

An organism is described that can live in very high temperature water. What group would contain this organism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bacteria domain
B)   Archaea domain
C)   Protista kingdom
D)   Animalia kingdom

Question 8

How have classification systems for living things changed over the years?

Accepted Answer

A)   Scientists have always recognized five kingdoms of living things, but the placement of species within those kingdoms has changed.
B)   Until the last 20 years, organisms had been classified first as animal or plant. Recently, a five-kingdom system became the preferred classification system.
C)   The three-domain system has been introduced within the last 30 years, to supplement the five-kingdom system.
D)   The exact organization proposed in the eighteenth century by Carl Linnaeus has recently been reinstituted by scientists.

Question 9

What trait distinguishes different phyla of fungi from each other?

Accepted Answer

A)   their methods of obtaining food
B)   the way they form spores
C)   the type of hyphae they form
D)   the type of antibiotics they produce

Question 10

DNA is found in every cell of an organism. What subset of DNA changes would be most useful to molecular biologists to determine evolutionary relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA changes that occur in genes specific to organisms in one kingdom
B)   DNA changes in genes that are shared by a common ancestor
C)   DNA changes in genes that occur in body cells and cannot be passed to offspring
D)   DNA changes in genes that do not generally code for any function

Question 11

Scientists can compare the relationships between all modern species by examining a gene that performs a similar function in species from all kingdoms. What does this one gene encode?

Accepted Answer

A)   Taq polymerase
B)   ribosomal RNA
C)   enzymes needed for photosynthesis
D)   restriction enzymes

Question 12

What was the first antibiotic, discovered as a result of a laboratory accident?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the first antibiotic, discovered as...

Question 13

You work for a firm that has hired you to look for drugs that work in a similar way to aspirin. Which kingdom of organisms should be included in your first search?

Accepted Answer

A)   Plantae
B)   Protista
C)   Fungi
D)   Animalia

Question 14

There are a number of sites around the world that have been made uninhabitable because of chemical pollution in the soil. Which group of organisms might have useful biological tools for breaking down these toxic compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)   animals
B)   fungi
C)   protists
D)   plants

Question 15

Why is adult anatomy sometimes a misleading way to construct a phylogeny that reflects evolutionary history?

Accepted Answer

A)   Adult anatomy isn't strongly influenced by natural selection.
B)   Convergent evolution produces similar traits in unrelated species.
C)   Adult anatomy is too variable within a species.

Question 16

How does the DNA of related organisms show similarity?

Accepted Answer

A)   The DNA of each organism is unique and therefore shows no similarity.
B)   The diverse types of sugars and phosphates are very similar.
C)   The sequence of bases is very similar.
D)   The locations of DNA within the cell are very similar.

Question 17

In what way are fungi similar to animals?

Accepted Answer

A)   Both take in food from the outside.
B)   Both produce hair-like hyphae.
C)   Both form embryos when they reproduce.
D)   Both produce antibiotics.

Question 18

Of the four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya, which one is most likely to be split into two or more new kingdoms as scientists perform more genetic analyses on evolutionary relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)   kingdom Plantae
B)   kingdom Protista
C)   kingdom Animalia
D)   kingdom Fungi

Question 19

Symbiosis is a relationship that is mutually beneficial to two organisms. Which organelle developed as a result of a symbiotic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)   Golgi body
B)   nucleus
C)   mitochondrion
D)   endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

Plants possess many compounds that affect animals. What explains these plant characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)   Plants have been subject to mutation-causing pollution for many decades.
B)   Plants have cell structures that are very different from animal cells.
C)   Plants contain chloroplasts that are derived from free-living prokaryotes.
D)   Plants that produced chemical defenses were successful against plant-eating animals.

Exam 13: The Greatest Species on Earth Biodiversity and Classification

There are a number of sites around the world that have been made uninhabitable because of chemical pollution in the soil. Which group of organisms might have useful biological tools for breaking down these toxic compounds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Symbiosis is a relationship that is mutually beneficial to two organisms. Which organelle developed as a result of a symbiotic relationship?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After dinosaurs became extinct, the number of mammal species increased greatly. What process applies to this example?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How have classification systems for living things changed over the years?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientists can compare the relationships between all modern species by examining a gene that performs a similar function in species from all kingdoms. What does this one gene encode?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plants possess many compounds that affect animals. What explains these plant characteristics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why might archaea be more difficult to grow in the lab than bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is adult anatomy sometimes a misleading way to construct a phylogeny that reflects evolutionary history?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An organism is described that can live in very high temperature water. What group would contain this organism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does the DNA of related organisms show similarity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what way are fungi similar to animals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What trait distinguishes different phyla of fungi from each other?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya, which one is most likely to be split into two or more new kingdoms as scientists perform more genetic analyses on evolutionary relationships?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What organism would be the best source of an antibacterial compound that would limit the growth of a particular kind of soil bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the first antibiotic, discovered as a result of a laboratory accident?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-In this phylogeny feather pattern on the head is the trait used to separate the sparrows into groups. DNA analysis suggests a different phylogeny that places white-crowned birds and golden-crowned birds more closely together. Therefore, what process results in the striped pattern on the head?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The evolution of which trait allowed plants to grow taller?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You work for a firm that has hired you to look for drugs that work in a similar way to aspirin. Which kingdom of organisms should be included in your first search?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA is found in every cell of an organism. What subset of DNA changes would be most useful to molecular biologists to determine evolutionary relationships?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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